[Corpora-List] examples of the use of the terms "prototypical" > or "prototypicality"
Ken Litkowski
ken at clres.com
Sat Jun 28 20:13:09 UTC 2014
I wonder if distributional methods used in computational linguistics are
consistent with or contrary to prototypes (Patrick's syntagmatic patterns).
On 6/28/2014 3:00 PM, Geoffrey Williams wrote:
> Hi Angus,
>
> I do not believe he ever used the word. It is possibly more Patrick
> who called them thus. We can only wait for Patrick to weigh in with an
> answer, or maybe Bill Louw as he is more philosophically read than I.
>
> Best
>
> Geoffrey
>
> Le 28 juin 2014 à 20:46, Angus B. Grieve-Smith <grvsmth at panix.com
> <mailto:grvsmth at panix.com>> a écrit :
>
>> Rosch definitely built on Wittgenstein. I know Wittgenstein
>> talked about family resemblances, but I don't know where he talked
>> about prototypes. I discuss his example of "games" here:
>>
>> http://grieve-smith.com/blog/2013/02/in-a-wittgensteinian-sort-of-way/
>>
>> Thanks for the pointeres to Hanks' work!
>>
>> On 06/28/2014 02:04 PM, Geoffrey Williams wrote:
>>> Hi,`
>>>
>>> In discussing Patrick, I think you should realize that he was basing
>>> his prototypes on Wittgenstein, not Rosch. The articles where he
>>> discusses these are:
>>>
>>>> Hanks, P. 1994. Linguistic norms and pragmatic exploitations or,
>>>> why lexicographers need prototype theory, and vice versa. Papers in
>>>> Computational Lexicography: Complex 94: 89--113.
>>>>
>>> and
>>>>
>>>> Hanks, P. 2000. Do word meanings exist? Computers and the
>>>> Humanities 34(1--2): 205--215.
>>>>
>>>>
>>> The aim was to create lexicographical prototypes to deal with
>>> polysemy by having a continuum of variations of meaning. I have used
>>> this myself in collocational resonance, something I share with
>>> Patrick, and multilingual prototypes for variations across genres
>>> and across languages.
>>>
>>> You need to read Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations, rather
>>> than the Tractatus, for family resemblances, notably with a
>>> discussion go 'game'.
>>>
>>> Best
>>>
>>> Geoffrey
>>>
>>> Le 28 juin 2014 à 11:00, Krishnamurthy, Ramesh
>>> <r.krishnamurthy at aston.ac.uk <mailto:r.krishnamurthy at aston.ac.uk>> a
>>> écrit :
>>>
>>>> Hi Erin/Alex
>>>> Apologies to all for hitting 'send' before inserting the subject
>>>> line in my previous email....
>>>>
>>>> One additional point: I was interested to see, glancing through the
>>>> occurrences of 'prototypical' in
>>>> 009_2004_V1_Patrick HANKS_Corpus pattern ... -
>>>> Euralex<http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=5&ved=0CDkQFjAE&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.euralex.org%2Felx_proceedings%2FEuralex2004%2F009_2004_V1_Patrick%2520HANKS_Corpus%2520pattern%2520analysis.pdf&ei=9n2uU-e4Hu2g7AadnYCADA&usg=AFQjCNGtE5j1N-FunxRyaCWmROMIYFk_Ng&bvm=bv.69837884,d.ZGU>www.euralex.org/.../009_2004_V1_Patrick%20HANKS_Corpus%20patt
>>>> <http://www.euralex.org/.../009_2004_V1_Patrick%20HANKS_Corpus%20patt>...
>>>> that he *rarely* used it *in the way that Erin specified*, namely
>>>> "the most central use of a word"....
>>>>
>>>> Instead , i noticed it was mostly 'prototypical syntagmatic
>>>> *patterns*, prototypical *usage*, prototypical *direct objects*, etc',
>>>> i.e. linguistic items/features at higher levels of abstraction than
>>>> 'word senses'.
>>>>
>>>> I didn't look carefully enough, so there may a citation in Erin's
>>>> limited sense, but if not, perhaps Patrick was, consciously
>>>> or subconsciously, telling us something about his understanding of
>>>> the relationship between 'prototypes' and 'word senses'?
>>>>
>>>>> From various conversations with Patrick, i remember the names
>>>>> Jackendoff, Rosch, and Wierzbicka came up in connection with
>>>> prototype theory, but i can't remember any details, i'm afraid...
>>>>
>>>> best
>>>> ramesh
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> ------------------
>>>> Dear all
>>>>
>>>> Various bits of discussion on this in several places in Patrick's
>>>> 2013 book, including around pp90-105 and 340, but it's pretty much
>>>> what the whole book is about - norms (cf prototypes) not just of
>>>> lexis but of pretty much any type of language use, and exploitations.
>>>>
>>>> * Hanks, P. 2013. Lexical Analysis: Norms and Exploitations .
>>>> Cambridge MA: MIT Press.
>>>>
>>>> Some great quotes too, eg p91-92 " Prototypical, normal usage is
>>>> very easy to spot?; it is also very boring."
>>>>
>>>> Best
>>>> alex
>>>>
>>>> _____________________________
>>>> Alex Boulton
>>>>
>>>> Professor of English and Applied Linguistics
>>>>
>>>> Université de Lorraine : Pearl, Erudi, Dépt d'anglais
>>>>
>>>> homepage : http://bit.ly/BoultonATILF
>>>>
>>>> Responsable équipe Didactique (Crapel)
>>>> Atilf : CNRS, UL
>>>> ( +33) 03 54 50 51 06
>>>>
>>>> ReCALL, Eurocall, Geras, TaLC
>>>> ----- Mail original -----
>>>>
>>>>> De: "Erin McKean" <erin at logocracy.com <mailto:erin at logocracy.com>>
>>>>> À: corpora at uib.no <mailto:corpora at uib.no>
>>>>> Envoyé: Samedi 28 Juin 2014 03:26:25
>>>>> Objet: [Corpora-List] examples of the use of the terms "prototypical"
>>>>> or "prototypicality"
>>>>
>>>>> Dear Corpora-Lers,
>>>>
>>>>> Does anyone have handy citations for the use of "prototypical" or
>>>>> "prototypicality" in corpus linguistics to mean something roughly
>>>>> equivalent to "the most central use of a word, especially in regards
>>>>> to
>>>>> referents or collocations"?
>>>>
>>>>> I'm thinking of the case where you describe senses of a word in an
>>>>> order
>>>>> that roughly maps to "core -- periphery" rather than historical order
>>>>> or
>>>>> frequency of use. E.g. for things like "cask", the "water-tight
>>>>> vessel"
>>>>> would be a more prototypical sense than the "unit of capacity for
>>>>> what
>>>>> can be held in a cask" sense.
>>>>
>>>>> My feeling is that this is described quite beautifully by Patrick
>>>>> Hanks
>>>>> somewhere but I can't seem to find a reference!
>>>>
>>>>> Any help gratefully appreciated!
>>>>
>>>>> Yours,
>>>>
>>>>> Erin
>>>>> ---------------------
>>>>> Erin McKean
>>>>> @emckean/@reverb/@wordnik
>>>>> wordnik.com <http://wordnik.com/>
>>>>> helloreverb.com <http://helloreverb.com>
>>>>
>>>> ________________________________
>>>> From: Krishnamurthy, Ramesh
>>>> Sent: 28 June 2014 09:44
>>>> To: erin at logocracy.com <mailto:erin at logocracy.com>
>>>> Cc: corpora at uib.no <mailto:corpora at uib.no>
>>>> Subject:
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Hi Erin
>>>>
>>>> I just typed 'hanks prototypical' into Google and obtained several
>>>> hits...
>>>>
>>>> #1 The website at seems to be down at the moment,
>>>> but there is at least one citation at nlp.fi.muni.cz/projekty/cpa/
>>>>
>>>> #2 one of the google hits was patrick hanks's paper at:
>>>> 009_2004_V1_Patrick HANKS_Corpus pattern ... -
>>>> Euralex<http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=5&ved=0CDkQFjAE&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.euralex.org%2Felx_proceedings%2FEuralex2004%2F009_2004_V1_Patrick%2520HANKS_Corpus%2520pattern%2520analysis.pdf&ei=9n2uU-e4Hu2g7AadnYCADA&usg=AFQjCNGtE5j1N-FunxRyaCWmROMIYFk_Ng&bvm=bv.69837884,d.ZGU>www.euralex.org/.../009_2004_V1_Patrick%20HANKS_Corpus%20patt
>>>> <http://www.euralex.org/.../009_2004_V1_Patrick%20HANKS_Corpus%20patt>...
>>>>
>>>> #3 this paper's list of references includes:
>>>> Hanks, Patrick. 1994. 'Linguistic Norms and Pragmatic Explanations,
>>>> or Why
>>>> Lexicographers need Prototype Theory and Vice Versa' in F. Kiefer,
>>>> G. Kiss, and J.
>>>> Pajzs (eds.), Papers in Computational Lexicography: Complex '94.
>>>> Research institute
>>>> for Linguistics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
>>>>
>>>> #4 Google Scholar offers 4,950 hits for 'hanks prototypical'
>>>>
>>>> best
>>>> ramesh
>>>> ---------------
>>>> Date: Fri, 27 Jun 2014 18:26:25 -0700
>>>> From: Erin McKean <erin at logocracy.com <mailto:erin at logocracy.com>>
>>>> Subject: [Corpora-List] examples of the use of the terms
>>>> "prototypical" or "prototypicality"
>>>> To: corpora at uib.no <mailto:corpora at uib.no>
>>>>
>>>> Dear Corpora-Lers,
>>>>
>>>> Does anyone have handy citations for the use of "prototypical" or
>>>> "prototypicality" in corpus linguistics to mean something roughly
>>>> equivalent to "the most central use of a word, especially in regards to
>>>> referents or collocations"?
>>>>
>>>> I'm thinking of the case where you describe senses of a word in an
>>>> order
>>>> that roughly maps to "core -- periphery" rather than historical
>>>> order or
>>>> frequency of use. E.g. for things like "cask", the "water-tight vessel"
>>>> would be a more prototypical sense than the "unit of capacity for what
>>>> can be held in a cask" sense.
>>>>
>>>> My feeling is that this is described quite beautifully by Patrick Hanks
>>>> somewhere but I can't seem to find a reference!
>>>>
>>>> Any help gratefully appreciated!
>>>>
>>>> Yours,
>>>>
>>>> Erin
>>>> ---------------------
>>>> Erin McKean
>>>> @emckean/@reverb/@wordnik
>>>> wordnik.com <http://wordnik.com/>
>>>> helloreverb.com <http://helloreverb.com>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> _______________________________________________
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>>>
>>> *Professor Geoffrey WILLIAMS. MSc, PhD */
>>> Director of Department for Document Management / Directeur du
>>> Département d'Ingénierie du document
>>> Director of Master in Publishing and Digital Humanities / Directeur
>>> du Master Métiers du Livre et les Humanités Numériques
>>> LiCoRN : www.licorn-ubs.com / www.evalhum.eu / Twitter @EvalHum /
>>> EvalHum on Facebook /
>>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>> geoffrey.williams at univ-ubs.fr
>>> tél. +33 (0)2 97 87 29 20 - fax. +33 (0)2 97 87 29 31
>>> Faculté de Lettres Langues Sciences Humaines
>>> et Sociales (LSHS)
>>> 4 rue Jean Zay
>>> BP92113, 56321 LORIENT CEDEX
>>> UNIVERSITÉ DE BRETAGNE-SUD
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>>>
>>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
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>>>
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>>>
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>>
>>
>> --
>> Angus B. Grieve-Smith
>> grvsmth at panix.com
>> _______________________________________________
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>
> *Professor Geoffrey WILLIAMS. MSc, PhD */
> Director of Department for Document Management / Directeur du
> Département d'Ingénierie du document
> Director of Master in Publishing and Digital Humanities / Directeur du
> Master Métiers du Livre et les Humanités Numériques
> LiCoRN : www.licorn-ubs.com / www.evalhum.eu / Twitter @EvalHum /
> EvalHum on Facebook /
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
> geoffrey.williams at univ-ubs.fr
> tél. +33 (0)2 97 87 29 20 - fax. +33 (0)2 97 87 29 31
> Faculté de Lettres Langues Sciences Humaines
> et Sociales (LSHS)
> 4 rue Jean Zay
> BP92113, 56321 LORIENT CEDEX
> UNIVERSITÉ DE BRETAGNE-SUD
> www.univ-ubs.fr / www.licorn-ubs.com
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
> Ce message est confidentiel. Que vous l'ayez reçu par erreur ou que
> vous en soyez le ou la destinataire, vous êtes prié de ne pas en
> divulguer le contenu.
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
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--
Ken Litkowski TEL.: 301-482-0237
CL Research EMAIL: ken at clres.com
9208 Gue Road Home Page: http://www.clres.com
Damascus, MD 20872-1025 USA Blog: http://www.clres.com/blog
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