[Lingtyp] 'Take' as diachronic source for causative? 'Stand' for ingressive?

Wed Aug 26 17:29:25 UTC 2020

In Yahgan, causative tu:- prefix (colon marks tenseness of vowel preceding)
may be historically related to ata 'take', though it also seems to be
closely related to tvx- (v schwa), from da:gu: 'to handle'.  A more recent
grammaticalization of ata as a suffix has it used as a marker of
Aktsionsart, particularly semelfactive, but in some cases it means 'to
begin to do'.

Jess Tauber

On Wed, Aug 26, 2020 at 9:55 AM Paul J Hopper <hopper at cmu.edu> wrote:

> PS My two papers on serialization with 'take' in English are on
> academia.edu, not academia.com. Thank-you to those who pointed out the
> error.
>
> __________
>
> Paul J. Hopper
>
> Paul Mellon Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Humanities
>
> Department of English
>
> Carnegie Mellon University
>
> Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
> ------------------------------
> *From:* Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces at listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf of
> Anne Tamm <TammA at ceu.edu>
> *Sent:* Monday, August 24, 2020 1:21:46 PM
> *To:* lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org
> *Subject:* Re: [Lingtyp] 'Take' as diachronic source for causative?
> 'Stand' for ingressive?
>
> Hi,
>
> Very challenging questions. Maybe looking at analytical causatives helps
> understand the mechanisms behind the grammaticalization of TAKE as a
> causative morpheme. There is a book on analytical causatives across
> languages by Leino and von Waldenfels,
>
>
> https://www.amazon.com/Analytical-causatives-Studies-Language-Typology/dp/3862883620
>
> In any case, TAKE can be found as a "causativizer" in Estonian analytical
> causatives, although LET and PUT/SET are more common. GIVE is also used in
> analytical causatives (in Finnish, the GIVE analytical causatives are more
> common, see Leino). Among the Uralic languages, Estonian is an outlier, as
> there are many analytical causatives and no productive morphological
> causativization. The diachronically motivated morhpeme -ta is still
> recognized in lexical pairs as in *hüppama* 'jump', *hüpitama* 'throw
> something repeatedly up', *istuma* 'sit', *istutama* 'plant'.
>
> Different verbs occur with different causativizers and with different
> constructions with non-finites. The TAKE type occurs with verbs that denote
> mental or physical (involuntary) states, processes or activities, such as
> think, ponder, shiver, shudder, tremble, cry, weep, etc. But the
> combination is not lexicalized/grammaticalized, rather the types of event
> relationships go with different causativizers and nonfinite encoding (GIVE
> or TAKE are both ok with 'think', for instance).
>
> The lexical sense number 5 in the Comprehensive Estonian Dictionary
> provides some analytical causative examples
>
> https://www.eki.ee/dict/ekss/index.cgi?Q=v%C3%B5tma&F=M
>
> *5**.* mingit seisundit v. tegevust esile kutsuma   (= bring about a
> state or an action)
>
>
> Here are two typical examples, translated from the dictionary:
>
> Hirm *võtt-is             värise-ma *
>
> fear   take-3sg.pst  shake-M_INF
>
> 'I trembled from fear (Fear made me shiver).'
>
>
> Jooks     võta-b     hingelda-ma/higista-ma
>
> running. take-3sg  pant/sweat-M_ILL
>
> '[this concrete event of] running is making me pant/sweat.'
>
>
> Interestingly, the causer of the TAKE causatives is usually an emotional
> event that causes a durative event, an uncontrollable or in any case
> involuntary, unintended, unplanned reaction.
>
>
> pilt        on  kehv-  ju           *võtt-is*           käe
> *värise-ma*
>
> picture is   bad     probably take-3sg.pst  hand.acc  shake-M_INF
>
> 'The photo is vague - probably my hand was shaking (something caused my
> hand to shake).'
>
> http://fotoalbum.ee/photos/saba00/22184985
>
>
>
> Et    siis    mõne pagaritoote         seest karva leides             *võta-b
>   mõtle-ma*?
>
> that  then some  bakery.item.gen PP      hair   find_NONFIN take-3sg
> think-M_INF
>
> 'So you say that it makes you think [all kinds of things], once you find a
> hair in your bakery item?'
>
> https://www.foorum69.org/viewtopic.php?t=2032
>
> The TAKE verb is usually impersonally used, and the main verb has the
> illative (to, into) type nonfinite form (supine), as there is a change of
> state. GIVE and TAKE are in this sense different. *GIVE + think* and *TAK**E
> + think* differ in the choice of the nonfinite as well, because of the
> difference between the causal-temporal relationships of the two events
> (causing and caused).  GIVE + think causatives represent voluntary caused
> events, moreover, a matter of considerable mental effort.
>
>
> I am now just brushing up a manuscript in my drawer, so I am interested in
> further discussions!
>
> Best,
>
> Anne Tamm
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> ------------------------------
> *From:* Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces at listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf of
> Epps, Patience L <pattieepps at austin.utexas.edu>
> *Sent:* Thursday, August 20, 2020 6:15 PM
> *To:* lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org <lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org
> >
> *Subject:* Re: [Lingtyp] 'Take' as diachronic source for causative?
> 'Stand' for ingressive?
>
> Dear Claudia,
>
> In Hup, a Naduhup language of NW Amazonia, ‘take’ is the source of the
> primary/default causativizer in SVCs (among a few other causativizing
> strategies, also from verbs). For example:
>
> denícon  tɨh-an  d’oʔ-ʔɔt-ɔh
> Denilson  3sg-OBJ  take-cry-DECL
> ‘Denilson made him cry!’
>
> This is discussed in Ch. 9 of my Hup grammar (Epps 2008, A Grammar of Hup,
> de Gruyter Mouton), mostly from p.399 and forward (though there I noted the
> impression that this was not so unusual typologically - maybe this was
> incorrect!).
>
> Please let me know if you’d like more info and I’ll be glad to send it,
> and thanks for raising this interesting topic.
>
> All best,
> Pattie
>
> On Aug 20, 2020, at 5:53 AM, David Gil <gil at shh.mpg.de> wrote:
>
> Dear Claudia,
>
> A complex pattern of polysemy involving, among many other items, 'take'
> and causative, is described in Gil (2017) for several languages of
> Northwest New Guinea, Austronesian and Non-Austronesian.  A possible
> example of partial 'take'/causative coexpression is provided by the isolate
> language Yawa.  More commonly, though, the 'take'/causative connection is
> mediated by 'give', with lots of languages exhibiting 'take'/'give'
> coexpression (e.g. Hatam, Meyah, Irarutu), and many other languages in the
> same region (e.g. Abun, Waropen, Roon) displaying 'give'/causative
> coexpression.
>
>
> Gil, David (2017) "Roon ve, DO/GIVE Coexpression, and Language Contact in
> Northwest New Guinea", in A. Schapper ed., *Contact and Substrate in the
> Languages of Wallacea Part 1*, *NUSA* 62:41-100. (
> http://hdl.handle.net/10108/89844)
>
> Best,
>
> David
>
> On 18/08/2020 15:06, Claudia Wegener wrote:
>
> Dear all,
>
> It was suggested to me that grammaticalization of the verb 'take' to a
> causative marker is typologically unusual, and indeed, apart from the
> mention of Twi and Nupe (in Kuteva et al. 2019 and sources cited therein)
> and Fon (Lefebvre 1991) I have found little to no information on languages
> where this has happened... Would any of you know any other languages and
> could point me towards publications I could cite?
>
> And related to this, I have been even less successful at finding languages
> where the verb for 'to stand' (as posture verb) has been grammaticalized to
> function as a marker for ingressive - if you know of any, would you be so
> kind to point me to any publications?
>
> Many thanks in advance,
>
> Claudia
>
> References:
>
> Lefebvre, Claire. 1991. *Take* serial verb constructions in Fon. In
> Claire Lefebvre (ed.), *Serial Verbs: Grammatical, Comparative* *and
> Cognitive Approaches*, 37-78. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: Benjamins.
>
> Kuteva, Tania, Bernd Heine, Bo Hong, Haiping Long, Heiko Narrog & Seongha
> Rhee (eds.). 2019. *World Lexicon of Grammaticalization*, 2nd edition.
> Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
>
> --
> Claudia Wegener
> Abteilung Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft
> Institut für Linguistik
> Universität zu Köln
> Albertus-Magnus-Platz
> 50923 Köln
>
>
> _______________________________________________
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>
> --
> David Gil
>
> Senior Scientist (Associate)
> Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution
> Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
> Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
>
> Email: gil at shh.mpg.de
> Mobile Phone (Israel): +972-556825895
> Mobile Phone (Indonesia): +62-81344082091
>
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