[Lingtyp] Name this category

[Gilles Authier]

In Tindi (East Caucasian),
1) (elevationally marked) demonstratives (or presentatives) index the
gender of the addressee ;
2) imperative verb forms can index it, conveying politeness.

ssajħata agja-ra-j zinada r-oo ihwa-qoo.
S.(f) here.lower-npl-f cow.pl.nom npl-come.perf shepherd-post.el
« Saihat, here are the cows coming from the pasture. »

q'aj b-aχ-a-j!
furniture(n) n-take-imper-f
"You(f) buy furniture!"


Gilles Authier



On Wed, Jan 22, 2020 at 8:15 AM Michael Daniel <misha.daniel at gmail.com>
wrote:

> Hi.
>
> In Bagvalal, East Caucasian, some particles are indexical of the gender of
> the addressee. These particles apparently revolve on interactional
> categories involving the addressee (interrogation, shared knowledge,
> imperative) but are not (necessarily) referential in the sense indicated by
> Francoise. As the Basque allocutive, they are on the addressee's side, and
> not on the speaker's side as in Scott's examples, As far as I understand,
> this also happens in other East Caucasian languages languages of the Andic
> branch. See (Kibrik 2001: 174 - Bagvalinskij jazyk: grammatika, teksty,
> slovari) - a very short but very informative one-page discussion.
>
> Michael Daniel
>
> ср, 22 янв. 2020 г. в 03:30, Siva Kalyan <sivakalyan.princeton at gmail.com>:
>
>> I would add that allocutive particles in Dravidian languages could be
>> seen as a somewhat open class, which periodically absorbs nouns: e.g.
>> Telugu -ayyā < ayya 'lord', and Tamil =sār < English "sir".
>>
>> Siva
>>
>> On 22 Jan 2020, at 11:23 am, Siva Kalyan <sivakalyan.princeton at gmail.com>
>> wrote:
>>
>> Some Dravidian languages also have allocutive markers (though I've never
>> seen them described as such). Telugu has at least =rā (informal) and -aṇḍi
>> (respectful); Tamil has at least the following:
>>
>>    - =ḍā (informal masculine)
>>    - =ḍī (informal feminine)
>>    - =pā (intimate masculine)
>>    - =mā (intimate feminine)
>>    - =kā (intimate elder sister)
>>    - -ṅga(ḷ) (respectful)
>>
>> The "intimate" allocutive particles (my terminology) are historically
>> contractions of kin terms (appā 'father', ammā 'mother', akkā 'elder
>> sister'—other kin terms may also contract in this way, but I've only ever
>> heard it with these three, the last one very rarely). Also, =mā and =pā
>> don't exactly line up with female and male addressee, as =mā can also be
>> used by a female speaker to a male addressee; also, =ḍā can be used when
>> speaking to a child regardless of gender.
>>
>> Siva
>>
>> On 22 Jan 2020, at 8:35 am, Vladimir Panov <panovmeister at gmail.com>
>> wrote:
>>
>> Dear Scott,
>>
>> Françoise is right about the allocutive. There is a paper by Anton
>> Antonov i which this category is treated typologically:
>>
>> Antonov, Anton. 2015. Verbal allocutivity in a crosslinguistic
>> perspective. *Linguistic Typology* 19(1). 55–85.
>>
>> Best,
>> Vladimir
>>
>> вт, 21 янв. 2020 г. в 12:18, Scott Delancey <delancey at uoregon.edu>:
>>
>>> Bodo (Tibeto-Burman, NE India) has a set of particles, two used by men
>>> and two by women, which indicate that the conversation is friendly and
>>> informal. Reminiscent of Thai *krap* and *khaa*, but with the opposite
>>> sense. Does anyone know if anyone has encountered such a category and given
>>> it a label? I need to decide what to call these, and would just as soon not
>>> make up a term if someone has already done it.
>>>
>>> Scott DeLancey
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