[Lingtyp] Morphologically complex clitics?

Thu Apr 1 07:23:24 UTC 2021

Warumungu (and a number of other Australian languages) have second position
clusters of pronominals and tense/aspect/modality morphs which are
cliticised but which can bear stress.  Some are analysable as separate
morphemes, some are portmanteau.

On Thu, Apr 1, 2021 at 7:36 AM Larry M. HYMAN <hyman at berkeley.edu> wrote:

> Maybe I'm missing something, but other than the non-trivial problem of
> deciding what is vs. isn't a clitic (vs. affix vs. full word), I thought
> the request was for phonologically-leaning multi-morph forms that are not
> prefixes or suffixes--not whether they form a prosodic word or clitic-word
> constituent.
>
> To fully explain the Luganda example, =byange 'my (class 8)' actually is
> analyzed as =bi-a-nge  (cl.8-associative-1sg). I cited only unambiguously
> motivated morph-breaks, but if you want to analyze le, la and les as having
> more than one morph (which I don't find attractive), then we could further
> analyze =byange as =bi-a-ng-e, since there are other possessives that end
> in the final formative -e: -by-aff-e 'our', -by-a-mmw-e 'your pl.',
> -by-a-bw-e 'their', and bye 'his/her' could be bi-a-e-e, although the
> finall -e isn't needed. (A slight problem, though, with byo 'your sg.',
> definitely no -e).
>
> On Wed, Mar 31, 2021 at 1:14 PM Martin Haspelmath <
> martin_haspelmath at eva.mpg.de> wrote:
>
>> But what exactly is "a clitic word"?
>>
>> In Luganda, it may be uncontroversial that there are two words in
>> *e-bi-déé=by-a-nge*  'my cups', because *by-aa-* also occurs as a
>> proclitic elsewhere.
>>
>> But in Quechua *wasi-bi-chu-ga-n* 'is not at home', how do we know that
>> there is a "clitic word" *-chu* and a "clitic word" *-ga-n*, rather than
>> three clitics *=chu*, *=ga*, and *=n*? Is this because *-ga-* looks like
>> a "verb stem", and we have the idea that verbs are "inflected"?
>>
>> Since Schiering et al. (2010) (doi:10.1017/S0022226710000216), it has
>> been widely known that "p-(rosodic) word" is not a generally applicable
>> notion, which casts even more doubt on the notion of "clitic word".
>>
>> But if we consider items that are traditionally considered "clitics" in
>> European languages, it's really easy to find complex ones among the bound
>> person forms, e.g. French *l-e/l-a/l-es*, Italian *m-i/t-i/s-i*, Greek
>> *to-n/ti-n/tu-s/t-u/ti-s*, Bulgarian *n-i/v-i/g-i*.
>>
>> Martin
>>
>> Am 31.03.21 um 05:56 schrieb Larry M. HYMAN:
>>
>> Hi Florian,
>>
>> I was expecting lots of offers over the past 16 hours, but none! In Bantu
>> this is quite usual because clitics often combine noun class agreement with
>> whatever the marker is--often fused. E.g. in Luganda the locative enclitic
>> =kô 'on it, a little' consists of class 17 ku- and -o. The "connective"
>> (associative, genitive) prefixes the noun class agreement to /-a/ (ebitabo
>> byaa=Walúsimbi  'Walusimbi's books', from class 8 /bi-a/), and so forth.
>> Several of the possessive pronoun enclitics are bisyllabic, e.g. class 8
>> byange = /bi-a-nge/ 'my', as in e-bi-déé =by-a-nge  'my cups' (where the
>> enclitic saves the length of the root -déé 'bell(s)' from undergoing final
>> vowel shortening.
>>
>> There are lots of such examples in the following paper:
>>
>> Hyman, Larry M. & Francis X. Katamba. 1990. Final vowel shortening in
>> Luganda. *Studies in African Linguistics *21.1-59, available here:
>>
>> https://journals.flvc.org/sal/article/view/107438/102758
>>
>> Best, Larry
>>
>> On Tue, Mar 30, 2021 at 4:36 AM <florian.matter at isw.unibe.ch> wrote:
>>
>>> Dear all,
>>>
>>> I am looking for examples of morphologically complex clitics — i.e.,
>>> g-words that a) do not form their own p-words and b) consist of multiple
>>> morphemes. Below are some of the few examples I have found. In (1-2), it is
>>> an encliticized copula which carries person inflection. In (3), the verb
>>> complex consists of a finite verb, a converb, and an auxiliary, each their
>>> own g-word. Both the finite verb and the auxiliary are inflected for first
>>> person and therefore morphologically complex.
>>>
>>> (1) Trió (Cariban)
>>>     əmamina-nə=pəə*=w-a-e*
>>>     play-INF=occ.with=1Sa-be-NPST.CERT
>>>     'I am playing' (Meira 1999: 180)
>>>
>>> (2) Ecuadorian Quechua
>>>     paj  mana wasi-bi=t͡ʃu*=ga-n*
>>>     3PRO NEG  house-LOC=NEG=be-3
>>>     'S/he is not at home.' (Muysken 2010: 197)
>>>
>>> (3) Nangikurrunggurr (Southern Daly)
>>>     jawul karicinmade *ŋebem=*wuɹic*=ŋiɹim*                catma
>>>     spear bent        1SG.S.bash.PRS=fix=1SG.S.sit.PRS straight
>>>     'I'm sitting straightening this bent spear.' (Reid 2003: 114)
>>>
>>> I am grateful for any further examples of such patterns, or references
>>> to literature on morphologically complex clitics.
>>>
>>> Best,
>>> Florian
>>>
>>> _____________________________
>>>
>>> Universität Bern
>>>
>>> Institut für Sprachwissenschaft
>>>
>>> Florian Matter
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Länggassstrasse 49
>>>
>>> CH-3012 Bern
>>>
>>> Tel. +41 31 631 37 54
>>>
>>> Raum B 168
>>>
>>> *florian.matter at isw.unibe.ch <florian.matter at isw.unibe.ch>*
>>>
>>> *http://www.isw.unibe.ch <http://www.isw.unibe.ch/>*
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>>
>>
>> --
>> Larry M. Hyman, Professor of Linguistics & Executive Director,
>> France-Berkeley Fund
>> Department of Linguistics, University of California, Berkeley
>> https://linguistics.berkeley.edu/~hyman
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> Lingtyp mailing listLingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.orghttp://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp
>>
>>
>> --
>> Martin Haspelmath
>> Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
>> Deutscher Platz 6
>> D-04103 Leipzighttps://www.shh.mpg.de/employees/42385/25522
>>
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>
>
> --
> Larry M. Hyman, Professor of Linguistics & Executive Director,
> France-Berkeley Fund
> Department of Linguistics, University of California, Berkeley
> https://linguistics.berkeley.edu/~hyman
> _______________________________________________
> Lingtyp mailing list
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-- 
Jane Simpson
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