[Lingtyp] Term for “non-pronominal anaphora"
Volker Gast
volker.gast at uni-jena.de
Tue Jun 1 18:31:19 UTC 2021
Hi Martin,
I'm not sure if we need a standardization committee here. Our students
grow up with the terminology established by M.A.K Halliday, who
distinguishes between 'endophoric' and 'exophoric' reference.
'Endophoric' reference can be 'anaphoric' or 'cataphoric'. I'm not aware
of the use of 'anaphoric' as 'forward-looking' (as this would be
'cataphoric' imho). And I agree with everyone who thinks that anaphor(a)
do(es) not have to imply pronouns (that would be a matter of
'substitution', in Halliday's terms). What's wrong with the taxonomy
exophoric vs. (endophoric (anaphoric vs. cataphoric ))
?
(And wouldn't 'ep(i)-ana-phoric' be redundant in this context? Isn't
'anaphoric' originally '[carry] up[stream]', hence 'backward'?)
Best,
Volker
On 31/05/2021 10:56, Martin Haspelmath wrote:
> Paolo's mention of the term pair "anaphora/cataphora" brings up a
> frequent issue in terminology: When a new and relatively short term
> (like "cataphora") is coined to refer to a special case, then it is
> not clear whether the old term (here "anaphora") refers to the general
> case or to the complement of the special case.
>
> Unfortunately, "anaphora" has thus become ambiguous: (i) it refers to
> backward-looking and forward-looking discourse reference relations;
> (ii) it refers only to backward-looking relations.
>
> It would be good to have a standardization committee that resolves
> this problem, because it seems that the discipline will otherwise be
> stuck with ambiguity of a key term. (Personally, I would prefer to use
> "anaphora" in the general sense, and to have a new term, e.g.
> "epanaphora", for backward-looking relations; cf. Greek κάτω 'down',
> επάνω 'up'. But this would be for a committee to decide.)
>
> Best,
> Martin
>
> Am 30.05.21 um 19:37 schrieb paolo Ramat:
>> I agree with Bill: "anaphora" does not refer only to "pronouns" or
>> "pro-forms". In a sentence such as /The jury found him guilty and the
>> verdict shocked him deeply/ 'the verdict' refers anaphorically (=
>> looking backwards) to what has been said in the first coordinated
>> sentence. On the contrary, /The verdict of the jury was: he is guilty
>> /. 'the verdict' is in cataphoric (=looking forwards) position.
>> I think that if we consider anaphora and cataphora together, we can
>> get a better understanding of both.
>>
>> Paolo
>>
>>
>>
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>>
>> Il giorno dom 30 mag 2021 alle ore 15:48 William Croft
>> <wcroft at unm.edu <mailto:wcroft at unm.edu>> ha scritto:
>>
>> Dear all,
>>
>> I find the definition of "anaphora" implied in Ian's post to
>> presuppose a theory of anaphora that not everyone, certainly not
>> myself, agrees with. Namely, that anaphora only happens across
>> sentences, and/or the only strategy for anaphora are "pronouns"
>> or "pro-forms". Both of these assumptions have been debated, and
>> there are different theories; see Croft (2013) and references
>> cited therein. I think "anaphora" as a comparative concept should
>> be defined more broadly -- as I think it generally is -- to
>> accommodate different theories about the possible form of
>> anaphoric expressions, and their possible distribution.
>>
>> Bill
>>
>> Croft, William. 2013. “Agreement as anaphora, anaphora as
>> coreference.” /Languages across boundaries: studies in memory of
>> Anna Siewierska/, ed. Dik Bakker and Martin Haspelmath, 107-29.
>> Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.
>>
>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>> *From:* Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces at listserv.linguistlist.org
>> <mailto:lingtyp-bounces at listserv.linguistlist.org>> on behalf of
>> JOO, Ian [Student] <ian.joo at connect.polyu.hk
>> <mailto:ian.joo at connect.polyu.hk>>
>> *Sent:* Sunday, May 30, 2021 1:54 AM
>> *To:* LINGTYP <lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org
>> <mailto:lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org>>
>> *Subject:* Re: [Lingtyp] Term for “non-pronominal anaphora"
>>
>> * [EXTERNAL]*
>>
>> Dear all,
>>
>> thank you for your guidance.
>> I think the closest form is “lexical/nominal anaphora” but given
>> the examples I’ve read so far, it seems that they are different
>> from the lexical repetition within a clause.
>> For example, in the following sentence, “the guy” refers to John,
>> but it’s not in the same clause as “John”:
>> “I know John_i. The guy_i has a dog.”
>> But in the following Korean, the two occurences of “John” are
>> within the same clause:
>> “John_i-kwa John_i-uy kay" (lit. John_i and John_i’s dog)
>> So I think the the within-clause repetition and cross-clause
>> repetition must be distinguished.
>> Also I agree with Martin’s initial suggestion that this Korean
>> case shouldn’t be termed as “anaphora” because it really isn’t
>> anaphoric reference. It’s just the repeated occurrence of the
>> same lexeme where you would expect anaphora in an European
>> language, so to call it anaphora might be a little Euro-centric.
>>
>> From Hong Kong,
>> Ian
>> On 27 May 2021, 11:41 PM +0800, Christian Chiarcos
>> <christian.chiarcos at web.de <mailto:christian.chiarcos at web.de>>,
>> wrote:
>>> Depends on the context, I guess. In the area of *anaphor
>>> resolution* and *linguistic annotation*, "nominal anaphora" is
>>> much more established. "Lexical anaphora" is potentially
>>> ambiguous, because it would also cover or at least overlap with
>>> "verbal anaphora", a term occasionally used for "do so"
>>> constructions and/or verb repetitions.
>>>
>>> Best,
>>> Christian
>>>
>>> Am Fr., 21. Mai 2021 um 08:00 Uhr schrieb JOO, Ian [Student]
>>> <ian.joo at connect.polyu.hk <mailto:ian.joo at connect.polyu.hk>>:
>>>
>>> Dear all,
>>>
>>> is there a term for “non-pronominal anaphora”, i. e. using
>>> personal names or titles for anaphoric reference?
>>> Example:
>>>
>>> Hyeng-kwa hyeng-uy chinkwu
>>> older.brother-COM older.brother-GEN friend
>>> `Older brother and his (lit. older brother’s) friend’
>>> (Korean)
>>>
>>> I tried to search it in Google, but since I don’t know what
>>> this phenomenon is called, I don’t know what to search for.
>>> I would appreciate your help.
>>>
>>> Regards,
>>> ian
>>>
>>>
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> --
> Martin Haspelmath
> Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
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