[Lingtyp] Evaluative morphology expressing "authenticity/prototypicality

Tue Jul 23 15:21:05 UTC 2024

Dear Lingtyp community,

a cumulative thank-you for sharing examples, references and your insight with me, here on the mailing list or in private exchanges: it’s all invaluable help for my paper!

As for reduplication of the “salad-salad” type (in Engligh, Italian and other languages), mentioned in many posts, that was already on the top of my list: I started my quest from there, and from the let’s say “opposite” phenomenon (https://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zwjw.2023.1.94).

As for the relationship with inauthenticity/approximation, see also joint work with Muriel Norde and Kristel Van Goethem on the morphological expression of approximation:
https://doi.org/10.21248/zwjw.2023.1.100
https://site.unibo.it/unlocking-evaluative-morphology/en

As for Mira’s observation about the relationship with intensification: elements conveying authenticity/prototypicality are definitely related with intensification, even synchronically not just diachronically. Sometimes it’s difficult to disentangle them from intensification (but not in all cases / contexts).

Have a nice summer break!
Francesca

Da: Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces at listserv.linguistlist.org> per conto di lingtyp-request at listserv.linguistlist.org <lingtyp-request at listserv.linguistlist.org>
Data: domenica, 14 luglio 2024, 14:05
A: lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org <lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org>
Oggetto: Lingtyp Digest, Vol 118, Issue 21
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Today's Topics:

   1. Re: R: Evaluative morphology expressing
      "authenticity/prototypicality" (Pier Marco Bertinetto)

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Message: 1
Date: Sat, 13 Jul 2024 17:29:07 +0200
From: Pier Marco Bertinetto <piermarco.bertinetto at sns.it>
To: "<LINGTYP at listserv.linguistlist.org>"
        <lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org>
Subject: Re: [Lingtyp] R: Evaluative morphology expressing
        "authenticity/prototypicality"
Message-ID:
        <CABoVV5-N4YREqSsYUETKBaJoo_-LBTUyO513NViRD3UBFnP9dA at mail.gmail.com>
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For anybody interested in reduplication, the dedicated Graz University
database is very useful:
http://reduplication.uni-graz.at
Unfortunately, at present, the database is unavailable due to a hacking
attack. But I've been told by Berhard Hurch that it should be (hopefully
soon) reactivated.
Best
Pier Marco

Il giorno ven 12 lug 2024 alle ore 18:43 Raffaele Simone via Lingtyp <
lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org> ha scritto:

> Dear all,
>
> A very useful but scarcely known collection of studies on reduplication *dans
> tous ses ?tats* is ?La r?duplication?, special issue of *Faits de langue*,
> #39 2007, ed. by Alexis Michaud and Aliyah Morgenstern. Also ?prototypical?
> reduplications are considered.
>
> Best,
>
> Raffaele
>
>
>
>
>
> ==============
>
> Emeritus Professor, Universit? Roma Tre
>
> Hon C Lund University
>
> Membre de l'Acad?mie Royale de Belgique
>
> Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres de France
>
> Accademico (corrispondente) della Crusca
>
> Prix de l'Institut de France-Fondation Bonnefous 2022
>
> ===============
>
> Attivit? e pubblicazioni // Activity and publications
> http://uniroma3.academia.edu/RaffaeleSimone
>
>
>
> *Da:* Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces at listserv.linguistlist.org> *Per conto di *Paolo
> Ramat via Lingtyp
> *Inviato:* venerd? 12 luglio 2024 16:35
> *A:* Mark Donohue <mhdonohue at gmail.com>
> *Cc:* <LINGTYP at listserv.linguistlist.org> <
> lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org>
> *Oggetto:* Re: [Lingtyp] Evaluative morphology expressing
> "authenticity/prototypicality"
>
>
>
> Evaluative morphology expressing 'authentivity/protypicality
>
>
>
> Dear All,
>
> here's a fragment of article I'm writing  that concerns reduplication
>
>
>
> <<The iteration /reduplication [...] can also have morphological
> functions such as plural formation (= ex. (1)), a distributive function(=
> ex. (2)), an intensifying function (= examples (3) and (4)), or have
> particular semantic values such as the so-called ?echo reduplication?, as
> in (5), etc.:[1] <#m_6180926085023523476__ftn1>
>
> (1)  Indonesian *buku buku* ?books? (Stolz 2003: 18)
>
> (2)  Malti *bieb bieb* lit. door door, i.e. ?from door to door? (Stolz
> 2006a: 119)
>
> (3)  It.  *un caff? caff? * ?a real, good coffee? (Stolz 2003: 36; Ramat
> 2019: 151)
>
> (4)  Emmi (Western Daly) *dukandji ?*big? ~ *dukduk* ?very big? (Louagie
> 2023: 555)
>
>          (5) Turkish   *dergi                          mergi**
> okumuyor *
>
>                   Newspapers           M:ECHO        read:NEG:PRES
>
> ?(s)he does not read newspapers and the like? (Stolz 2018: 248).
>
>
>
>
> ------------------------------
>
> [1] <#m_6180926085023523476__ftnref1> Grandi (2017: 77) writes:
> ?According to Medici (1959a: 84), the aim of a reduplicated construction
> such as *caff? caff? *(?coffee coffee? [= our ex. (3)], P.Rt.) is
> ?affermare [?] la pienezza delle qualit? inerenti [alla base]? (?to state
> the fullness / completeness of the qualities of the base word?). In other
> words, the primary function of reduplication would be to identify the
> prototype of a concept, its default value. If evaluative morphology (which
> includes intensification) encodes a deviation from a standard or from a
> default meaning, if its peculiar function is that of assigning a value
> which is different from that of the ?standard / default? to a concept,
> reduplication primarily expresses a full identification of an item with its
> standard image. It identifies the best exemplar of a
> class?.
>                                                                        A
> good overview of the multifarious functions of RED can be obtained when
> looking into the subject index of van Lier 2023: 1087, s.v.
> ?reduplication?. Generally speaking, we can say that RED is a widespread
> strategy in the world?s languages to express many related functions (see
> Fedriani 2017: 147).
>
> Refernces:
>
> Grandi, Nicola. 2017. Intensification processes in Italian. In Maria
> Napoli & Miriam Ravetto (eds.), 55-75.
>
> Louagie, Dana. 2023. Word Classes in Australian Languages. In Eva Van
> Lier (ed.), 544-571
>
> Ramat, Paolo, 2019.Tautologia e/o reduplicazione. *Rivista Italiana di
> Linguistica e Dialettologia,*          147-156.
>
> Stolz, Thomas. 2003. A new Mediterraneism. Word iteration in areal
> perspective. *Mediterranean             Language Review *15, 1-47.
>
> Stolz, Thomas. 2006a. (Wort-)Iteration: (k)eine universelle Konstruktion.
> In Kerstin Fischer &
>
>             Anatol Stefanowitsch (Hsgb.), *Konstruktionsgrammatik. Von
> der Anwendung zur Theorie*:         105-132. T?bingen: Stauffenburg.
>
>  Stolz, Thomas. 2018. (Non-)Canonical reduplication. In Anna Urdze (ed.), *Non-Prototypical
>        Reduplication* ("Studia Typologica"22), 201-277. De Gruyter
> Mouton: Berlin 2018.
>
>
> Van Lier, Eva (ed., 2023), *The Oxford Handbook of Word Classes. *Oxford:
> Oxford University Press.
>
>
>
> Best ,
>
> P.Rt.
>
> Addendum: see also *?ll?nas* *?ll?nas* ?a true Greek man? (Kallergi,
> Haritini. 2015. *Total Reduplication as a category of expressives:
> (Counter)evidence from Modern Greek. *Benjamins
>
>
>
> Paolo Ramat
>
> Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Socio corrispondente
>
> 'Academia Europaea'
>
> 'Societas Linguistica Europaea', Honorary Member
>
> Universit? di Pavia (retired)
>
> Istituto Universitario di Studi Superiori (IUSS Pavia) (retired)
>
>
>
> piazzetta Arduino 11 - I 27100 Pavia
>
> ##39 0382 27027
>
> 347 044 98 44
>
>
>
>
>
> Il giorno ven 12 lug 2024 alle ore 02:40 Mark Donohue via Lingtyp <
> lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org> ha scritto:
>
> Don't forget
>
>
>
> Jila Ghomeshi, Ray Jackendoff, Nicole Rosen and Kevin Russell.
> 2004. Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 22 (2): 307-357.
>
>
>
>
>
> On Fri, 12 Jul 2024 at 09:48, Pin Wang via Lingtyp <
> lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org> wrote:
>
> Hi Randy,
>
>
>
> I?d like to add an example: When chairing your talk at our 2018 language
> typology forum (University of Sydney), Prof Christian Matthiessen
> introduced you as a ?linguist linguist? ;-)
>
>
>
> Pin
>
>
>
>
>
> On 12 Jul 2024, at 2:26 am, Randy J. LaPolla via Lingtyp <
> lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org> wrote:
>
>
>
> Hi again Mira,
>
> A more exact natural example of what you are talking about was used by
> Larry Horn teaching Pragmatics many years ago: At an LSA conference someone
> got ill, so one person got up on stage and asked the attendees ?Is there a
> doctor in the house?? and half the audience raised their hands. The person
> then said, ?No, a * doctor* doctor!?
>
>
>
> Randy
>
>
>
> On 10 Jul 2024, at 8:55?PM, Mira Ariel <mariel at tauex.tau.ac.il> wrote:
>
>
>
> Dear Nigel,
>
>
>
> Yes, this is the trajectory Bardenstein and Ariel talk about. Better think
> of ?a cookie cookie?. That can have both prototypical and intensified
> meanings.
>
> Mira
>
> Sent from my iPhone
>
>
>
> On 10 Jul 2024, at 15:40, Nigel Vincent via Lingtyp <
> lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org> wrote:
>
> ?
>
> Interesting - I'd have interpreted that ad to mean not 'central/prototype'
> but something more evaluative: 'the best you can get' or words to that
> effect. The picture doesn't look like what I would consider a prototype
> cookie (or biscuit, as I would say!).
>
> Nigel
>
>
>
>
>
> Professor Nigel Vincent, FBA MAE
> Professor Emeritus of General & Romance Linguistics
> The University of Manchester
>
>
>
> Linguistics & English Language
> School of Arts, Languages and Cultures
>
> The University of Manchester
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/researchers/nigel-vincent(f973a991-8ece-453e-abc5-3ca198c869dc).html
> ------------------------------
>
> *From:* Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces at listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf of
> Randy LaPolla via Lingtyp <lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org>
> *Sent:* 10 July 2024 2:23 PM
> *To:* <LINGTYP at listserv.linguistlist.org> <
> LINGTYP at listserv.linguistlist.org>
> *Subject:* Re: [Lingtyp] Evaluative morphology expressing
> "authenticity/prototypicality"
>
>
>
> ?Mira?s message reminded me of an English example where repetition
> narrows the term to central/prototype inferences:
>
>
>
> <image.png>
>
>
>
> In case the image doesn?t come out, it is the tag line on Pepperidge
> Farms? Captiva cookie:
>
> ?If you?re going to have a cookie, have a *cookie*?
>
>
>
> Randy
>
>
>
> On Jul 10, 2024, at 15:42, Mira Ariel via Lingtyp <
> lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org> wrote:
>
> ?
>
> Dear Francesca and others,
>
>
>
> I'm curious to know if these prototypicalization morphemes sometimes
> evolve an intensifying function later.
>
>
>
> Bardenstein and I have a paper  in *Studies in* *Language  *46:2 (2022),
> where we trace the evolution of a number of intensifiers. Lo and behold,
> they evolve from expressions which narrow the application of the term to
> its central/prototpycal instances. Later on this narrower may evolve an
> intensifying function. We only discuss independent modifiers, but
> reduplication, even morphological one, can indicate intensification:
>
>
>
> Hebrew:
>
>
>
> *Yafe yafe *
>
> Beautiful beautiful
>
> 'Central concept of beautiful (not 'more or less beautiful')'/'Very
> beautiful'
>
>
>
> *Yefe.fe *(lexical reduplication)
>
> 'Very beautiful'
>
>
>
> Best,
>
> Mira (Ariel)
> ------------------------------
>
> *From:* Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces at listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf of
> Riccardo Giomi via Lingtyp <lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org>
> *Sent:* Tuesday, July 9, 2024 9:07 PM
> *To:* lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org <lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org
> >
> *Subject:* Re: [Lingtyp] Evaluative morphology expressing
> "authenticity/prototypicality"
>
>
>
> Dear Francesca (and all),
>
>
>
> Leti (Austronesian) has an "exactness" marker -- which again, actually
> appears to be a clitic, but anyway:
>
>
>
>    1. a. *N-tivl=e.* b. *N-tivla.*
>
> 3.SG-flap=*EXCT *3.SG-flap
>
> ?It flaps.? ?It sort of flaps.?
>
> (2) a. *vuar=lalavn=e* b. *vuar=lalavn*
>
> big=mountain=*EXCT* big=mountain
>
> ?a big mountain? ?a sort of a big mountain?
>
>
>
> van Engelenhoven, Aone, 2004. *Leti, a Language of Southwest Maluku *(Verhandelingen
> van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 211). KITLV
> Press, Leiden.
>
>
>
> Best wishes,
>
> Riccardo
>
>
>
> Riccardo Giomi
>
> Assistant Professor of Functional Linguistics
>
> University of Amsterdam
>
> Faculty of Humanities: Department of Linguistics
>
> Spuistraat 134, 1012 VB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
> ------------------------------
>
> *From:* Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces at listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf of
> Christian Lehmann via Lingtyp <lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org>
> *Sent:* 09 July 2024 19:44
> *To:* lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org <lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org
> >
> *Subject:* Re: [Lingtyp] Evaluative morphology expressing
> "authenticity/prototypicality"
>
>
>
> Dear Francesca,
>
> Cabecar (Chibchan) has a a formative *s?**?* with a twofold distribution:
>
> a) As a derivational suffix on nouns, it means 'authentic', 'prototypical':
>
>    1. a. ch?chi-s??
>
> dog-auth
>
>             ?authentic dog?
>
> b. ju-s??
>
> house-auth
>
>             ?authentic/real/legitimate house (i.e. traditional Cabecar
> house)?
>
> b) As an enclitic on adjectives, it means 'comparatively':
>
>    1. a. b??=s??
>
> nice=cmpr
>
>             ?comparatively/truly nice?
>
> b. dal??=s??
>
> yellow=cmpr
>
>             ?genuinely yellow?
>
> It fulfills this latter function in comparative constructions, too.
>
> Best, Christian
>
> --
>
> Prof. em. Dr. Christian Lehmann
> Rudolfstr. 4
> 99092 Erfurt
> Deutschland
>
> Tel.:
>
> +49/361/2113417
>
> E-Post:
>
> christianw_lehmann at arcor.de
>
> Web:
>
> https://www.christianlehmann.eu [christianlehmann.eu]
> <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.christianlehmann.eu/__;!!PDiH4ENfjr2_Jw!Dc5B3RGgs9CwKb_HPO365SAFRXwA7GEwDM7386bdhfSqmL0-MWBa7VFnxqlSZY_CISTmbETs_J9ra_VBnE5f1tdqEw3hk71U4cNPeQ$<https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.christianlehmann.eu/__;!!PDiH4ENfjr2_Jw!Dc5B3RGgs9CwKb_HPO365SAFRXwA7GEwDM7386bdhfSqmL0-MWBa7VFnxqlSZY_CISTmbETs_J9ra_VBnE5f1tdqEw3hk71U4cNPeQ$>>
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--

=========================================================
||||            Pier Marco  Bertinetto
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