LL-L "Etymology" 2011.08.30 (01) [EN-NL]

Tue Aug 30 17:46:34 UTC 2011

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 L O W L A N D S - L - 30 August 2011 - Volume 01
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From: Jacqueline Bungenberg de Jong Dutchmatters at comcast.net
Subject: LL-L "Etymology" 2011.08.29 (06) [EN]

 Steven Hanson beat me to the dictionaries ( They are still under the blue
tarp on my deck, but give me a week and I will be in business again). The
only word in Dutch which I can think of is “boekweit” (buckwheat).

                                 Jacqueline
BdJ
                 SeattleWA, USA

 From: "Steven Hanson" <ammurit at gmail.com>
Subject: LL-L "Etymology" 2009.08.29 (04) [EN-NL]

The Dutch form, *tarwe*, made me wonder if there’s something like ‘tarrow’
in English.  It turns out that there is an English word, ‘tare’ (
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/tare), which may share its origin
with the Dutch word.  Here’s what the Online Etymology Dictionary has to say
about it:

tare (1) <http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=tare> [image: Look up
tare at Dictionary.com] <http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=tare>

"kind of fodder plant, vetch," early 14c., perhaps cognate with M.Du. tarwe
"wheat," from P.Gmc. *tarwo, cognate with Bret. draok, Welsh drewg "darnel,"
Skt. durva "a kind of millet grass," Gk. darata, daratos "bread," Lith.
dirva "a wheat-field." Used in 2nd Wyclif version (1388) of Matt. xxiii:25
to render Gk. zizania as a weed among corn (earlier darnel and cockle had
been used in this place); hence figurative use for "something noxious sown
among something good" (1711).

http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=tare

Oddly enough, the Online Etymology Dictionary mentions a Middle Dutch form,
*weit*, for wheat…where did it go?

wheat <http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=wheat> [image: Look up wheat
at Dictionary.com] <http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=wheat>

O.E. hwæte "wheat," from P.Gmc. *khwaitijaz (cf. O.S. hweti, O.N. hveiti,
Norw. kveite, O.Fris. hwete, M.Du., Du. weit, O.H.G. weizzi, Ger. Weizen,
Goth. hvaiteis "wheat"), lit. "that which is white," from *khwitaz-, the
source of O.E. hwit (see white<http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=white>;
and cf. Welsh gwenith "wheat," related to gwenn "white"). The Old World
grain was introduced into New Spain in 1528. Wheaties, the cereal brand
name, was patented 1925.

http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=wheat

<http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=wheat>

From: "Stellingwerfs Eigen" <info at stellingwerfs-eigen.nl>
Subject: LL-L "Etymology"

Dear Lowlanders,
Eng.: wheat; Deutsch: weizen; LS: weit; but in Dutch: tarwe.
Q: Dat 'tarwe', waar komt dat etymologisch (of onlogisch?) vandaan, en komt
dat ergens anders ook voor bij Lowlanders?

Should it perhaps come from Scottisch..;-)

Mit een vrundelike groet uut Stellingwarf,
Piet

----------

From: Hellinckx Luc luc.hellinckx at gmail.com
Subject: LL-L "Etymology"

Beste Steven & Piet,

Just a quickie. These days, "tarwe" separates from "weit" roughly along the
Frankish/Saxon border. "Weit" does exist in the South and the West too, but
as far as I know only in a composite form like "boekweit" (> boekwaa in
Brabantish, as in "boekwaa-pap" (B), buckwheat (E), Buchweizen (G)). The
word tarwe is also used in our local name for maize/corn, "Spaanse tarwe"
(Spojnse terref).

I think a few agricultural innovations may have mixed our vocabularies up
(cf. meaning of grain, corn, rye, spelt, haver vs. oats and weed > tobacco >
marihuana).

Kind greetings,

Luc Hellinckx, Halle, Belgium

----------

From: "Peter Snepvangers" <snepvangers at optushome.com.au>
Subject: LL-L "Etymology" 2011.08.29 (06) [EN]

The Dutch form, *tarwe*, made me wonder if there’s something like ‘tarrow’
in English.  It turns out that there is an English word, ‘tare’ (
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/tare), which may share its origin
with the Dutch word.

Hello Steven and Piet,
I have also often wondered why Dutch uses tarwe and not weit for wheat
(triticum). The Sanskrit for millet is durva while the Dutch word for millet
is gierst (hirse in German).
The Limburgs word used for wheat is terf.
I suppose the Proto Germanic tarwo (wherever that comes from) is the source
of the word.
Proto Germanic hwaitijaz seems to also be the source of wheat (which is
white) and an important grain alongside the Old Saxon roggo.
So why tarwe and not hwete or weit?

Best regards from Sydney
Peter Snepvangers
snepvangers at optushome.com.au

----------

From: list at marcusbuck.org
Subject: LL-L "Etymology" 2009.08.29 (04) [EN-NL]

From: "Stellingwerfs Eigen" <info at stellingwerfs-eigen.nl>

> Subject: LL-L "Etymology"
>
> Dear Lowlanders,
> Eng.: wheat; Deutsch: weizen; LS: weit; but in Dutch: tarwe.
> Q: Dat 'tarwe', waar komt dat etymologisch (of onlogisch?) vandaan, en komt
> dat ergens anders ook voor bij Lowlanders?
> Should it perhaps come from Scottisch..;-)
> Mit een vrundelike groet uut Stellingwarf,
> Piet Bult
>

Etymologiebank has a collection of entries from different Dutch etymological
dictionaries: <http://etymologiebank.nl/trefwoord/tarwe>

One of the entries says: "van Utrecht af oostwaarts kende men alleen het
woord weit. Dit laatste woord is nog gewoon in de Noordel. en Oostelijke
provincies tot aan Utrecht toe en in een streek langs de Maas; overigens
heerst tarwe."

Apparently it was a solely Low Franconian word and not used by Saxons or
Upper Germans. But according to the Morfologische Atlas van de Nederlandse
Dialecten it is known today in Northeastern dialects too. Seems to be a
Netherlandism in Low Saxon dialects of the Netherlands, I never came across
the word in any Low Saxon dialect of Germany. The Middle Low German
dictionary of Schiller-Lübben has an entry "terwe", but also calls it "mehr
niederl.".

"Weit" survived in the word "boekweit". Regionally different words exist for
other sorts of crops too. The "dtv-Atlas der deutschen Sprache" has maps for
the different names of rye.

Marcus Buck

----------

From: Luc Vanbrabant lucv32 at gmail.com
Subject: LL-L "Etymology" 2009.08.29 (04) [EN-NL]

Dag Piet,Gevonden op
www.*etymologie*bank.nl/trefwoord/*tarwe*

tarwe (graangewas van het geslacht *Triticum*) M. Philippa e.a. (2003-2009)
*Etymologisch Woordenboek van het Nederlands*

*tarwe* zn. ‘graangewas van het geslacht *Triticum*’
Onl. *tarwa* in het toponiem *Tarwedic*, letterlijk ‘tarwedijk’ (Zeeland)
[1189; Künzel]; mnl. *tarwe*
Mnd. *terwe*, *tarwe* ‘tarwe’; me. *tare* ‘zaad van de wikke; wikke’ (ne. *
tare* ‘voederwikke; onkruid’); < pgm. **tarwō-*.
Wrsch. verwant met: Sanskrit *dū́rva-* ‘spelt’; Litouws *dirvà* ‘bouwland’;
Russisch *derévnja**dravoca* ‘raaigras’; < pie. **dr(H)-ueh2*, dat mogelijk
is afgeleid van de wortel **der-* ‘scheuren, barsten’ (LIV 119), zie → *
teren*.
Het Nederlandse woord werd oorspr. alleen gebruikt in het zuidelijke en het
westelijke deel van het Germaanse taalgebied. Elders in dat taalgebied is
het gewone woord voor ‘tarwe’ → *weit* (Engels *wheat*, Duits *Weizen*,
Fries *weet*, Zweeds *vete* enz.). [1240; Bern.]. ‘dorp’ (< ‘bouwland’);
Gallisch
N. van der Sijs (2001), *Chronologisch Woordenboek*

*tarwe** graangewas 1189 [Claes]
P.A.F. van Veen en N. van der Sĳs (1997), *Van Dale Etymologisch woordenboek
*

*tarwe** [graangewas] {in de vroegere Zeeuwse plaatsnaam *Tarwedic*
1189, *ta(e)rwe,
te(e)rwe*vgl. *litouws* *dirva* [zaadveld], *oudindisch* *dūrvā* [gierst], *
latijn* *dravoca* [bolster] (uit het kelt.). Het *engels* *tare* [dravik] is
vermoedelijk ontleend aan *middelnederlands**taerwe.* 1201-1250}
 J. de Vries (1971), *Nederlands Etymologisch Woordenboek*

*tarwe* znw. v., mnl. *tarwe*, *tarve*, *teerv* v., indien te vergelijken
met on. *tare* ‘onkruid, wikke’ uit een idg. **doreu̯ā*, dat te vergelijken
is met lit. *dìrva* (< **dṝ-u̯ā*) ‘akker’ eig. ‘wat losgemaakt is’, lett. *
druva* ‘bezaaide akker’, oi. *dū́rvā́* (< **dṝ-u̯ā*) ‘panicum dactylon’,
gall. *dravoca* ‘dolik’ afl. van de idg. wt. **der* ‘villen, splijten’ (IEW
209).

Voor de *v* van mnl. *tarve*, *teerv* vgl. W. de Vries Ts 41, 1922, 190, die
meent dat hier *teeru**tarwe* en *terwe* aangaat, merkt K. Heeroma, Holl.
Dialect Studies 1935 bij kaart 20 en 30 op, dat vóór 1500 *tarwe* in Holland
heerste, maar *terwe* in West-NBrabant; van Utrecht af oostwaarts kende men
alleen het woord *weit*. Dit laatste woord is nog gewoon in de Noordel. en
Oostelijke provincies tot aan Utrecht toe en in een streek langs de Maas;
overigens heerst *tarwe*. — De verdeling dezer woorden voor de 14de eeuw
geeft de kaart van J. W. Weevers, Taalatlas afl. 2, 3 aan, de moderne
verdeling geeft kaart 4. gelezen moet worden. — Wat de vormen
N. van Wijk (1936 [1912]), *Franck's Etymologisch woordenboek der
Nederlandsche taal*

*tarwe* znw., dial. *terwe* (met. *e* vóór *r* + labiaal, vgl. *berm*), mnl.
*tar*(*e*)*we*, *-ve*, *teerv* v. Identiteit met eng. *tare* “onkruid,
dolik, wikke” is mogelijk. Met ablaut lit. *dirvà* “akker, zaadveld”, oi. *
dū́rvâ-* “panicum dactylon”; hierbij nog delphisch *darátā*, thessalisch *
dáratos* “brood”? en russ. *deréwn'a* “dorp”, oud en dial. ook “veld”? Voor
de alg.-germ. benaming der tarwe zie *weit*.
 J. Vercoullie (1925), *Beknopt etymologisch woordenboek der Nederlandsche
taal*

*tarwe* v., Mnl. id. en *taruwe +* Mndd. *tarwe* + Skr. *dūrvā* = panicum
dactylon, Lit. *dirvà* = zaailand.

From: "Stellingwerfs Eigen" <info at stellingwerfs-eigen.nl>
> Subject: LL-L "Etymology"
>
> Dear Lowlanders,
> Eng.: wheat; Deutsch: weizen; LS: weit; but in Dutch: tarwe.
> Q: Dat 'tarwe', waar komt dat etymologisch (of onlogisch?) vandaan, en komt
> dat ergens anders ook voor bij Lowlanders?
> Should it perhaps come from Scottisch..;-)
> Mit een vrundelike groet uut Stellingwarf,
> Piet Bult
>

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