[Lingtyp] Grammaticalised emotional states

[Jess Tauber]

Mirativity- in Yahgan- there is a verbal suffix -ara that seems to refer to
'surprise' (deviation from expectation). Possibly related is -nvsh/-nash (v
schwa) which is 'never mind, let.(someone/something) X...', apparently
disappointed confirmation of negative expectations. In Yahgan the rhotic
and shibilent alternate, with -sh terminally and /r/ intervocalically.
Interestingly the British missionary who wrote most of what we know of the
language from when nearly every member of that speech community was
monolingual (in the mid-19th century) thought that -ara was a past tense
interrogative marker. I'd forgotten about these form when I made my first
reply above.

Jess Tauber

On Mon, Mar 6, 2023 at 2:54 PM Patrick Daitya <patrickdaitya at gmail.com>
wrote:

> Hi Ponrawee,
> An often used claim I remember in the apprehensive literature is that
> 'mirativity' is one of the few domains where we've studied the
> grammaticalization of an emotion, namely, surprise.
> DeLancey's work would be the one to follow up on there. Also, it seems
> this book by Ponsonnet and Vuillermet may be of interest:
> https://benjamins.com/catalog/sl.42.1
>
> On Mon, Mar 6, 2023 at 9:37 AM Riccardo Giomi <rgiomi at campus.ul.pt> wrote:
>
>> Dear Ponrawee,
>>
>> Several languages have a category labelled *frustrative*: for some, this
>> term is a (near-)synonymous of *avertive*, i.e. it indicates that an
>> envisaged situation failed to take place; for others it means that a
>> situation did take place, but its result or consequences were not the
>> expected ones (this notion is usually rendered in English as "in vain"); on
>> yet another definition, the term is reserved for markers expressing
>> speaker's frustration/disappointment -- and in this sense, it seems to
>> match what you are looking for. For an overview, I refer you to
>>
>> Overall, Simon E. 2017. A typology of frustrative marking in Amazonian
>> languages. In Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald & R. M. W. Dixon (eds.), *The
>> Cambridge Handbook of Linguistic Typology**, *477–512. Cambridge:
>> Cambridge University Press.
>>
>> As for markers of the type of Japanese *-yagaru*, I recently found out
>> about two bound morphemes with apparently very similar meanings in Korean
>> (*che- *and -*essa*). I cannot cite any published literature, but I can
>> put you in contact with colleagues who are working on these morphemes, if
>> you so wish.
>>
>> Best wishes,
>> Riccardo
>>
>> Ponrawee Prasertsom <ponrawee.pra at gmail.com> escreveu no dia segunda,
>> 6/03/2023 à(s) 09:29:
>>
>>> Dear typologists,
>>>
>>> There has been claims in the literature (Cinque, 2013) that (at least
>>> some) speakers' emotional states toward a situation such as "fear" and
>>> "worry" are not grammatically encoded in any language, where "grammatically
>>> encoded" means not encoded by closed-class items ("closed-class" in a
>>> morphosyntactic sense: a group of morphemes that occur in the same slot
>>> that do not easily admit new items and/or have few members).
>>>
>>> I am interested in examples of any grammaticalized marker for any
>>> emotional states (not necessarily "fear" and "worry"). I am interested in
>>> both markers of 1) the *speaker*'s emotional states toward the
>>> situation being expressed as well as 2) of the *subject*'s emotional
>>> states toward the situation. The class of the item could be bound (clitics,
>>> affixes) or free (particles, auxiliary verbs) as long as it could be shown
>>> to be (somewhat) closed. I am only interested in markers specialised for
>>> specific emotions, and not, e.g., impoliteness markers that could be used
>>> when the speaker is angry.
>>>
>>> The "(un)happy about the verb" infixes *-ei*- and -*äng-* from the
>>> constructed language Na'vi would be the paradigm example of what I am
>>> looking for if they actually existed in a natural language.
>>>
>>> A potential example is Japanese *-yagatte, *which some have told me
>>> have grammaticalised into an affix encoding anger about the action. I'm
>>> also looking into whether there is evidence that this is actually part of a
>>> closed-class and would appreciate any pointers/more information.
>>>
>>> Thank you very much in advance.
>>>
>>> Best regards,
>>> Ponrawee Prasertsom
>>>
>>> PhD student
>>> Centre for Language Evolution
>>> University of Edinburgh
>>>
>>> *References:*
>>> Cinque, G. (2013). Cognition, universal grammar, and typological
>>> generalizations. Lingua, 130, 50–65.
>>> https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2012.10.007
>>>
>>>
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>>>
>>
>>
>> --
>> Riccardo Giomi, Ph.D.
>> University of Liège
>> Département de langues modernes : linguistique, littérature et traduction
>> Research group *Linguistique contrastive et typologie des langues*
>> F.R.S.-FNRS Postdoctoral fellow (CR - FC 43095)
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>>
>
>
> --
> Cheers,
> Patrick
>
> PhD student at University of Colorado, Boulder
> Patrick.Das at colorado.edu
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