[Lingtyp] ?excessive/redundant? use of reflexive pronouns
Joseph Brooks
brooks.josephd at gmail.com
Fri Jul 12 13:03:26 UTC 2024
Hi Sergey,
Not about reflexive pronouns per se but Chini (Ramu-Lower Sepik) has double
("redundant") middle voice marking. As far as I know this construction is
limited to verbs of bodily functions that pattern as intransitives (so:
shit, piss & puke). These verbs are middles to begin with (& w/ no
transitive deponents).
Because the function of the middle voice in Chini is to express the main
participant as a semantic patient (generally in terms of their control over
the event), these verbs can get doubly middle-ified whenever someone
accidentally shits/pisses/pukes on themselves. I write a bit more about it
in the 2023 Puddu/Haspelmath/Janic volume on reflexives.
Cheers
Joseph
On Fri, Jul 12, 2024 at 9:01 AM <lingtyp-request at listserv.linguistlist.org>
wrote:
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> Today's Topics:
>
> 1. ?excessive/redundant? use of reflexive pronouns (Sergey Loesov)
> 2. Re: Evaluative morphology expressing
> "authenticity/prototypicality" (Randy J. LaPolla)
> 3. Re: Evaluative morphology expressing
> "authenticity/prototypicality" (Pin Wang)
> 4. Re: Evaluative morphology expressing
> "authenticity/prototypicality" (Mark Donohue)
>
>
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Message: 1
> Date: Thu, 11 Jul 2024 21:11:31 +0300
> From: Sergey Loesov <sergeloesov at gmail.com>
> To: "LINGTYP at LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG"
> <lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org>
> Subject: [Lingtyp] ?excessive/redundant? use of reflexive pronouns
> Message-ID:
> <CAPsdrac8Jy1FF2KAN4-63r-==
> GUej7M6oFiEYR7W3kNQAVA9QQ at mail.gmail.com>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
>
> Dear colleagues,
>
>
>
> What do we know, cross-linguistically, about ?excessive/redundant? use of
> reflexive pronouns with verbs of leaving (transitives) and remaining
> (intransitives)? Is there an accepted explanation of this feature?
>
>
>
> A well-known example is Spanish:
>
>
>
> dejarse atr?s ?to leave (for oneself) behind?:
>
>
>
> echando de menos todo lo que me dej? atr?s ?missing everything I left
> behind (for myself)?
>
> Le cont? c?mo la vida de mi madre se consum?a y c?mo me arrastraba a su
> combusti?n... c?mo sal? de aquel infierno y todo lo que me dej? atr?s
>
> I told him how my mother?s life was consuming itself and how it dragged me
> into her combustion... how I escaped from that hell and all that I left
> behind (for myself).
>
>
>
> quedarse atr?s ?to stay behind (for oneself):
>
>
>
>
>
> El sentimiento de ?me quedo atr?s en la vida? es una experiencia
> relativamente com?n en la etapa final de la juventud.
>
>
>
> In Spanish, it looks like one can equally well say ?todo lo que dej? atr?s?
> and ?quedo atr?s en la vida?, without the reflexive marker.
>
>
>
> What prompts its appearance?
>
>
>
> Thank you very much,
>
> Sergey
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> ------------------------------
>
> Message: 2
> Date: Fri, 12 Jul 2024 02:26:28 +0800
> From: "Randy J. LaPolla" <randy.lapolla at gmail.com>
> To: Mira Ariel <mariel at tauex.tau.ac.il>
> Cc: Nigel Vincent <nigel.vincent at manchester.ac.uk>,
> "<LINGTYP at listserv.linguistlist.org>"
> <lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org>
> Subject: Re: [Lingtyp] Evaluative morphology expressing
> "authenticity/prototypicality"
> Message-ID: <971E7561-5CD1-4A15-AE10-2D511C7E66A1 at gmail.com>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
>
> Hi again Mira,
> A more exact natural example of what you are talking about was used by
> Larry Horn teaching Pragmatics many years ago: At an LSA conference someone
> got ill, so one person got up on stage and asked the attendees ?Is there a
> doctor in the house?? and half the audience raised their hands. The person
> then said, ?No, a doctor doctor!?
>
> Randy
>
> > On 10 Jul 2024, at 8:55?PM, Mira Ariel <mariel at tauex.tau.ac.il> wrote:
> >
> > Dear Nigel,
> >
> > Yes, this is the trajectory Bardenstein and Ariel talk about. Better
> think of ?a cookie cookie?. That can have both prototypical and intensified
> meanings.
> > Mira
> > Sent from my iPhone
> >
> >> On 10 Jul 2024, at 15:40, Nigel Vincent via Lingtyp <
> lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org> wrote:
> >>
> >> ?
> >> Interesting - I'd have interpreted that ad to mean not
> 'central/prototype' but something more evaluative: 'the best you can get'
> or words to that effect. The picture doesn't look like what I would
> consider a prototype cookie (or biscuit, as I would say!).
> >> Nigel
> >>
> >>
> >> Professor Nigel Vincent, FBA MAE
> >> Professor Emeritus of General & Romance Linguistics
> >> The University of Manchester
> >>
> >> Linguistics & English Language
> >> School of Arts, Languages and Cultures
> >> The University of Manchester
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >>
> https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/researchers/nigel-vincent(f973a991-8ece-453e-abc5-3ca198c869dc).html
> >> From: Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces at listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf of
> Randy LaPolla via Lingtyp <lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org>
> >> Sent: 10 July 2024 2:23 PM
> >> To: <LINGTYP at listserv.linguistlist.org> <
> LINGTYP at listserv.linguistlist.org>
> >> Subject: Re: [Lingtyp] Evaluative morphology expressing
> "authenticity/prototypicality"
> >>
> >> ?Mira?s message reminded me of an English example where repetition
> narrows the term to central/prototype inferences:
> >>
> >> <image.png>
> >>
> >> In case the image doesn?t come out, it is the tag line on Pepperidge
> Farms? Captiva cookie:
> >> ?If you?re going to have a cookie, have a cookie?
> >>
> >> Randy
> >>
> >>> On Jul 10, 2024, at 15:42, Mira Ariel via Lingtyp <
> lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org> wrote:
> >>>
> >>> ?
> >>> Dear Francesca and others,
> >>>
> >>> I'm curious to know if these prototypicalization morphemes sometimes
> evolve an intensifying function later.
> >>>
> >>> Bardenstein and I have a paper in Studies in Language 46:2 (2022),
> where we trace the evolution of a number of intensifiers. Lo and behold,
> they evolve from expressions which narrow the application of the term to
> its central/prototpycal instances. Later on this narrower may evolve an
> intensifying function. We only discuss independent modifiers, but
> reduplication, even morphological one, can indicate intensification:
> >>>
> >>> Hebrew:
> >>>
> >>> Yafe????????yafe??????????????????????????
> >>> Beautiful???beautiful???????????????????????
> >>> 'Central concept of beautiful (not 'more or less beautiful')'/'Very
> beautiful'????????
> >>>
> >>> Yefe.fe (lexical reduplication)?????????????????
> >>> 'Very beautiful'?????????????????????????????
> >>>
> >>> Best,
> >>> Mira (Ariel)
> >>> From: Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces at listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf
> of Riccardo Giomi via Lingtyp <lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org>
> >>> Sent: Tuesday, July 9, 2024 9:07 PM
> >>> To: lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org <
> lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org>
> >>> Subject: Re: [Lingtyp] Evaluative morphology expressing
> "authenticity/prototypicality"
> >>>
> >>> Dear Francesca (and all),
> >>>
> >>> Leti (Austronesian) has an "exactness" marker -- which again, actually
> appears to be a clitic, but anyway:
> >>>
> >>> a.????N-tivl=e.????????????????b.???N-tivla.
> >>> ???????????3.SG-flap=EXCT??????????????3.SG-flap
> >>> ????????????It flaps.???????????????????????It sort of flaps.?
> >>> ???
> >>> ??(2) a.????vuar=lalavn=e????????????b.???vuar=lalavn
> >>> ??????????big=mountain=EXCT???????????big=mountain
> >>> ???????????a big mountain?????????????????a sort of a big mountain?
> >>>
> >>> van Engelenhoven, Aone, 2004. Leti, a Language of Southwest Maluku
> (Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en
> Volkenkunde 211). KITLV Press, Leiden.
> >>>
> >>> Best wishes,
> >>> Riccardo
> >>>
> >>> Riccardo Giomi
> >>> Assistant Professor of Functional Linguistics
> >>> University of Amsterdam
> >>> Faculty of Humanities: Department of Linguistics
> >>> Spuistraat 134, 1012 VB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
> >>> From: Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces at listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf
> of Christian Lehmann via Lingtyp <lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org>
> >>> Sent: 09 July 2024 19:44
> >>> To: lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org <
> lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org>
> >>> Subject: Re: [Lingtyp] Evaluative morphology expressing
> "authenticity/prototypicality"
> >>>
> >>> Dear Francesca,
> >>>
> >>> Cabecar (Chibchan) has a a formative si?? with a twofold distribution:
> >>>
> >>> a) As a derivational suffix on nouns, it means 'authentic',
> 'prototypical':
> >>> a. chi?chi-si??
> >>>
> >>> dog-auth
> >>>
> >>> ?authentic dog?
> >>>
> >>> b. ju-si??
> >>>
> >>> house-auth
> >>>
> >>> ?authentic/real/legitimate house (i.e. traditional Cabecar
> house)?
> >>>
> >>> b) As an enclitic on adjectives, it means 'comparatively':
> >>> a. b??=si??
> >>>
> >>> nice=cmpr
> >>>
> >>> ?comparatively/truly nice?
> >>>
> >>> b. dal??=si??
> >>>
> >>> yellow=cmpr
> >>>
> >>> ?genuinely yellow?
> >>>
> >>> It fulfills this latter function in comparative constructions, too.
> >>>
> >>> Best, Christian
> >>>
> >>> --
> >>> Prof. em. Dr. Christian Lehmann
> >>> Rudolfstr. 4
> >>> 99092 Erfurt
> >>> Deutschland
> >>>
> >>> Tel.: +49/361/2113417
> >>> E-Post: christianw_lehmann at arcor.de <mailto:
> christianw_lehmann at arcor.de>
> >>> Web: https://www.christianlehmann.eu [christianlehmann.eu] <
> https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.christianlehmann.eu/__;!!PDiH4ENfjr2_Jw!Dc5B3RGgs9CwKb_HPO365SAFRXwA7GEwDM7386bdhfSqmL0-MWBa7VFnxqlSZY_CISTmbETs_J9ra_VBnE5f1tdqEw3hk71U4cNPeQ$
> >_______________________________________________
> >>> Lingtyp mailing list
> >>> Lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org
> >>> https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp [
> listserv.linguistlist.org] <
> https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp__;!!PDiH4ENfjr2_Jw!Dc5B3RGgs9CwKb_HPO365SAFRXwA7GEwDM7386bdhfSqmL0-MWBa7VFnxqlSZY_CISTmbETs_J9ra_VBnE5f1tdqEw3hk71eH5g__g$
> >
> >> _______________________________________________
> >> Lingtyp mailing list
> >> Lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org
> >> https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp
> > <image.png>
>
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> ------------------------------
>
> Message: 3
> Date: Fri, 12 Jul 2024 07:48:12 +0800
> From: Pin Wang <wangpin at sjtu.edu.cn>
> To: "Randy J. LaPolla" <randy.lapolla at gmail.com>
> Cc: Mira Ariel <mariel at tauex.tau.ac.il>,
> "<LINGTYP at listserv.linguistlist.org>"
> <lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org>
> Subject: Re: [Lingtyp] Evaluative morphology expressing
> "authenticity/prototypicality"
> Message-ID: <1E85959F-1E04-4AFF-BF36-28907A17DBCB at sjtu.edu.cn>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
>
> Hi Randy,
>
> I?d like to add an example: When chairing your talk at our 2018 language
> typology forum (University of Sydney), Prof Christian Matthiessen
> introduced you as a ?linguist linguist? ;-)
>
> Pin
>
>
> > On 12 Jul 2024, at 2:26 am, Randy J. LaPolla via Lingtyp <
> lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org> wrote:
> >
> > Hi again Mira,
> > A more exact natural example of what you are talking about was used by
> Larry Horn teaching Pragmatics many years ago: At an LSA conference someone
> got ill, so one person got up on stage and asked the attendees ?Is there a
> doctor in the house?? and half the audience raised their hands. The person
> then said, ?No, a doctor doctor!?
> >
> > Randy
> >
> >> On 10 Jul 2024, at 8:55?PM, Mira Ariel <mariel at tauex.tau.ac.il> wrote:
> >>
> >> Dear Nigel,
> >>
> >> Yes, this is the trajectory Bardenstein and Ariel talk about. Better
> think of ?a cookie cookie?. That can have both prototypical and intensified
> meanings.
> >> Mira
> >> Sent from my iPhone
> >>
> >>> On 10 Jul 2024, at 15:40, Nigel Vincent via Lingtyp <
> lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org> wrote:
> >>>
> >>> ?
> >>> Interesting - I'd have interpreted that ad to mean not
> 'central/prototype' but something more evaluative: 'the best you can get'
> or words to that effect. The picture doesn't look like what I would
> consider a prototype cookie (or biscuit, as I would say!).
> >>> Nigel
> >>>
> >>>
> >>> Professor Nigel Vincent, FBA MAE
> >>> Professor Emeritus of General & Romance Linguistics
> >>> The University of Manchester
> >>>
> >>> Linguistics & English Language
> >>> School of Arts, Languages and Cultures
> >>> The University of Manchester
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>
> https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/researchers/nigel-vincent(f973a991-8ece-453e-abc5-3ca198c869dc).html
> >>> From: Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces at listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf
> of Randy LaPolla via Lingtyp <lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org>
> >>> Sent: 10 July 2024 2:23 PM
> >>> To: <LINGTYP at listserv.linguistlist.org> <
> LINGTYP at listserv.linguistlist.org>
> >>> Subject: Re: [Lingtyp] Evaluative morphology expressing
> "authenticity/prototypicality"
> >>>
> >>> ?Mira?s message reminded me of an English example where repetition
> narrows the term to central/prototype inferences:
> >>>
> >>> <image.png>
> >>>
> >>> In case the image doesn?t come out, it is the tag line on Pepperidge
> Farms? Captiva cookie:
> >>> ?If you?re going to have a cookie, have a cookie?
> >>>
> >>> Randy
> >>>
> >>>> On Jul 10, 2024, at 15:42, Mira Ariel via Lingtyp <
> lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org> wrote:
> >>>>
> >>>> ?
> >>>> Dear Francesca and others,
> >>>>
> >>>> I'm curious to know if these prototypicalization morphemes sometimes
> evolve an intensifying function later.
> >>>>
> >>>> Bardenstein and I have a paper in Studies in Language 46:2 (2022),
> where we trace the evolution of a number of intensifiers. Lo and behold,
> they evolve from expressions which narrow the application of the term to
> its central/prototpycal instances. Later on this narrower may evolve an
> intensifying function. We only discuss independent modifiers, but
> reduplication, even morphological one, can indicate intensification:
> >>>>
> >>>> Hebrew:
> >>>>
> >>>> Yafe????????yafe??????????????????????????
> >>>> Beautiful???beautiful???????????????????????
> >>>> 'Central concept of beautiful (not 'more or less beautiful')'/'Very
> beautiful'????????
> >>>>
> >>>> Yefe.fe (lexical reduplication)?????????????????
> >>>> 'Very beautiful'?????????????????????????????
> >>>>
> >>>> Best,
> >>>> Mira (Ariel)
> >>>> From: Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces at listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf
> of Riccardo Giomi via Lingtyp <lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org>
> >>>> Sent: Tuesday, July 9, 2024 9:07 PM
> >>>> To: lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org <
> lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org>
> >>>> Subject: Re: [Lingtyp] Evaluative morphology expressing
> "authenticity/prototypicality"
> >>>>
> >>>> Dear Francesca (and all),
> >>>>
> >>>> Leti (Austronesian) has an "exactness" marker -- which again,
> actually appears to be a clitic, but anyway:
> >>>>
> >>>> a.????N-tivl=e.????????????????b.???N-tivla.
> >>>> ???????????3.SG-flap=EXCT??????????????3.SG-flap
> >>>> ????????????It flaps.???????????????????????It sort of flaps.?
> >>>> ???
> >>>> ??(2) a.????vuar=lalavn=e????????????b.???vuar=lalavn
> >>>> ??????????big=mountain=EXCT???????????big=mountain
> >>>> ???????????a big mountain?????????????????a sort of a big mountain?
> >>>>
> >>>> van Engelenhoven, Aone, 2004. Leti, a Language of Southwest Maluku
> (Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en
> Volkenkunde 211). KITLV Press, Leiden.
> >>>>
> >>>> Best wishes,
> >>>> Riccardo
> >>>>
> >>>> Riccardo Giomi
> >>>> Assistant Professor of Functional Linguistics
> >>>> University of Amsterdam
> >>>> Faculty of Humanities: Department of Linguistics
> >>>> Spuistraat 134, 1012 VB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
> >>>> From: Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces at listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf
> of Christian Lehmann via Lingtyp <lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org>
> >>>> Sent: 09 July 2024 19:44
> >>>> To: lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org <
> lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org>
> >>>> Subject: Re: [Lingtyp] Evaluative morphology expressing
> "authenticity/prototypicality"
> >>>>
> >>>> Dear Francesca,
> >>>>
> >>>> Cabecar (Chibchan) has a a formative si?? with a twofold distribution:
> >>>>
> >>>> a) As a derivational suffix on nouns, it means 'authentic',
> 'prototypical':
> >>>> <>a. chi?chi-si??
> >>>>
> >>>> dog-auth
> >>>>
> >>>> ?authentic dog?
> >>>>
> >>>> b. ju-si??
> >>>>
> >>>> house-auth
> >>>>
> >>>> ?authentic/real/legitimate house (i.e. traditional
> Cabecar house)?
> >>>>
> >>>> b) As an enclitic on adjectives, it means 'comparatively':
> >>>> <>a. b??=si??
> >>>>
> >>>> nice=cmpr
> >>>>
> >>>> ?comparatively/truly nice?
> >>>>
> >>>> b. dal??=si??
> >>>>
> >>>> yellow=cmpr
> >>>>
> >>>> ?genuinely yellow?
> >>>>
> >>>> It fulfills this latter function in comparative constructions, too.
> >>>>
> >>>> Best, Christian
> >>>>
> >>>> --
> >>>> Prof. em. Dr. Christian Lehmann
> >>>> Rudolfstr. 4
> >>>> 99092 Erfurt
> >>>> Deutschland
> >>>>
> >>>> Tel.: +49/361/2113417
> >>>> E-Post: christianw_lehmann at arcor.de <mailto:
> christianw_lehmann at arcor.de>
> >>>> Web: https://www.christianlehmann.eu [christianlehmann.eu] <
> https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.christianlehmann.eu/__;!!PDiH4ENfjr2_Jw!Dc5B3RGgs9CwKb_HPO365SAFRXwA7GEwDM7386bdhfSqmL0-MWBa7VFnxqlSZY_CISTmbETs_J9ra_VBnE5f1tdqEw3hk71U4cNPeQ$
> >_______________________________________________
> >>>> Lingtyp mailing list
> >>>> Lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org
> >>>> https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp [
> listserv.linguistlist.org] <
> https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp__;!!PDiH4ENfjr2_Jw!Dc5B3RGgs9CwKb_HPO365SAFRXwA7GEwDM7386bdhfSqmL0-MWBa7VFnxqlSZY_CISTmbETs_J9ra_VBnE5f1tdqEw3hk71eH5g__g$
> >
> >>> _______________________________________________
> >>> Lingtyp mailing list
> >>> Lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org
> >>> https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp
> >> <image.png>
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Lingtyp mailing list
> > Lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org
> > https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp
>
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> ------------------------------
>
> Message: 4
> Date: Fri, 12 Jul 2024 10:38:31 +1000
> From: Mark Donohue <mhdonohue at gmail.com>
> To: Pin Wang <wangpin at sjtu.edu.cn>
> Cc: "Randy J. LaPolla" <randy.lapolla at gmail.com>,
> "<LINGTYP at listserv.linguistlist.org>"
> <lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org>
> Subject: Re: [Lingtyp] Evaluative morphology expressing
> "authenticity/prototypicality"
> Message-ID:
> <CAKyRuzQ+6Sr2FBhA0RoyhyU8=WTVz=
> P_7vnu0e7K3hMB2_5UWQ at mail.gmail.com>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
>
> Don't forget
>
> Jila Ghomeshi, Ray Jackendoff, Nicole Rosen and Kevin Russell. 2004.
> Natural
> Language & Linguistic Theory 22 (2): 307-357.
>
>
> On Fri, 12 Jul 2024 at 09:48, Pin Wang via Lingtyp <
> lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org> wrote:
>
> > Hi Randy,
> >
> > I?d like to add an example: When chairing your talk at our 2018 language
> > typology forum (University of Sydney), Prof Christian Matthiessen
> > introduced you as a ?linguist linguist? ;-)
> >
> > Pin
> >
> >
> > On 12 Jul 2024, at 2:26 am, Randy J. LaPolla via Lingtyp <
> > lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org> wrote:
> >
> > Hi again Mira,
> > A more exact natural example of what you are talking about was used by
> > Larry Horn teaching Pragmatics many years ago: At an LSA conference
> someone
> > got ill, so one person got up on stage and asked the attendees ?Is there
> a
> > doctor in the house?? and half the audience raised their hands. The
> person
> > then said, ?No, a *doctor* doctor!?
> >
> > Randy
> >
> > On 10 Jul 2024, at 8:55?PM, Mira Ariel <mariel at tauex.tau.ac.il> wrote:
> >
> > Dear Nigel,
> >
> > Yes, this is the trajectory Bardenstein and Ariel talk about. Better
> think
> > of ?a cookie cookie?. That can have both prototypical and intensified
> > meanings.
> > Mira
> > Sent from my iPhone
> >
> > On 10 Jul 2024, at 15:40, Nigel Vincent via Lingtyp <
> > lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org> wrote:
> >
> > ?
> > Interesting - I'd have interpreted that ad to mean not
> 'central/prototype'
> > but something more evaluative: 'the best you can get' or words to that
> > effect. The picture doesn't look like what I would consider a prototype
> > cookie (or biscuit, as I would say!).
> > Nigel
> >
> >
> > Professor Nigel Vincent, FBA MAE
> > Professor Emeritus of General & Romance Linguistics
> > The University of Manchester
> >
> > Linguistics & English Language
> > School of Arts, Languages and Cultures
> > The University of Manchester
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/researchers/nigel-vincent(f973a991-8ece-453e-abc5-3ca198c869dc).html
> > ------------------------------
> > *From:* Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces at listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf of
> > Randy LaPolla via Lingtyp <lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org>
> > *Sent:* 10 July 2024 2:23 PM
> > *To:* <LINGTYP at listserv.linguistlist.org> <
> > LINGTYP at listserv.linguistlist.org>
> > *Subject:* Re: [Lingtyp] Evaluative morphology expressing
> > "authenticity/prototypicality"
> >
> > ?Mira?s message reminded me of an English example where repetition
> narrows
> > the term to central/prototype inferences:
> >
> > <image.png>
> >
> > In case the image doesn?t come out, it is the tag line on Pepperidge
> > Farms? Captiva cookie:
> > ?If you?re going to have a cookie, have a *cookie*?
> >
> > Randy
> >
> > On Jul 10, 2024, at 15:42, Mira Ariel via Lingtyp <
> > lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org> wrote:
> >
> > ?
> > Dear Francesca and others,
> >
> > I'm curious to know if these prototypicalization morphemes sometimes
> > evolve an intensifying function later.
> >
> > Bardenstein and I have a paper in *Studies in* *Language *46:2 (2022),
> > where we trace the evolution of a number of intensifiers. Lo and behold,
> > they evolve from expressions which narrow the application of the term to
> > its central/prototpycal instances. Later on this narrower may evolve an
> > intensifying function. We only discuss independent modifiers, but
> > reduplication, even morphological one, can indicate intensification:
> >
> > Hebrew:
> >
> > *Yafe yafe *
> > Beautiful beautiful
> > 'Central concept of beautiful (not 'more or less beautiful')'/'Very
> > beautiful'
> >
> > *Yefe.fe *(lexical reduplication)
> > 'Very beautiful'
> >
> > Best,
> > Mira (Ariel)
> > ------------------------------
> > *From:* Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces at listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf of
> > Riccardo Giomi via Lingtyp <lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org>
> > *Sent:* Tuesday, July 9, 2024 9:07 PM
> > *To:* lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org <
> lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org
> > >
> > *Subject:* Re: [Lingtyp] Evaluative morphology expressing
> > "authenticity/prototypicality"
> >
> > Dear Francesca (and all),
> >
> > Leti (Austronesian) has an "exactness" marker -- which again, actually
> > appears to be a clitic, but anyway:
> >
> >
> > 1. a. *N-tivl=**e**.* b. *N-tivla.*
> >
> > 3.SG-flap=*EXCT *3.SG-flap
> > ?It flaps.? ?It sort of flaps.?
> > (2) a. *vuar=lalavn=**e* b. *vuar=lalavn*
> > big=mountain=*EXCT* big=mountain
> > ?a big mountain? ?a sort of a big mountain?
> >
> > van Engelenhoven, Aone, 2004. *Leti, a Language of Southwest Maluku
> *(Verhandelingen
> > van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 211). KITLV
> > Press, Leiden.
> >
> > Best wishes,
> > Riccardo
> >
> > Riccardo Giomi
> > Assistant Professor of Functional Linguistics
> > University of Amsterdam
> > Faculty of Humanities: Department of Linguistics
> > Spuistraat 134, 1012 VB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
> > ------------------------------
> > *From:* Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces at listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf of
> > Christian Lehmann via Lingtyp <lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org>
> > *Sent:* 09 July 2024 19:44
> > *To:* lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org <
> lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org
> > >
> > *Subject:* Re: [Lingtyp] Evaluative morphology expressing
> > "authenticity/prototypicality"
> >
> > Dear Francesca,
> >
> > Cabecar (Chibchan) has a a formative *s??* with a twofold distribution:
> >
> > a) As a derivational suffix on nouns, it means 'authentic',
> 'prototypical':
> >
> > 1.
> >
> > a. ch?chi-s??
> >
> > dog-auth
> >
> > ?authentic dog?
> >
> > b. ju-s??
> >
> > house-auth
> >
> > ?authentic/real/legitimate house (i.e. traditional Cabecar
> > house)?
> > b) As an enclitic on adjectives, it means 'comparatively':
> >
> > 1.
> >
> > a. b??=s??
> >
> > nice=cmpr
> >
> > ?comparatively/truly nice?
> >
> > b. dal??=s??
> >
> > yellow=cmpr
> >
> > ?genuinely yellow?
> >
> > It fulfills this latter function in comparative constructions, too.
> >
> > Best, Christian
> > --
> >
> > Prof. em. Dr. Christian Lehmann
> > Rudolfstr. 4
> > 99092 Erfurt
> > Deutschland
> > Tel.: +49/361/2113417
> > E-Post: christianw_lehmann at arcor.de
> > Web: https://www.christianlehmann.eu [christianlehmann.eu]
> > <
> https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.christianlehmann.eu/__;!!PDiH4ENfjr2_Jw!Dc5B3RGgs9CwKb_HPO365SAFRXwA7GEwDM7386bdhfSqmL0-MWBa7VFnxqlSZY_CISTmbETs_J9ra_VBnE5f1tdqEw3hk71U4cNPeQ$
> >
> > _______________________________________________
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> >
> >
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> > https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp
> >
> > <image.png>
> >
> >
> > _______________________________________________
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