[Lingtyp] Evaluative morphology expressing "authenticity/prototypicality"

Fri Jul 12 14:34:45 UTC 2024

Evaluative morphology expressing 'authentivity/protypicality

Dear All,
here's a fragment of article I'm writing  that concerns reduplication

<<The iteration /reduplication [...] can also have morphological functions
such as plural formation (= ex. (1)), a distributive function(= ex. (2)),
an intensifying function (= examples (3) and (4)), or have particular
semantic values such as the so-called ‘echo reduplication’, as in (5), etc.:
[1] <#_ftn1>

(1)  Indonesian *buku buku* “books” (Stolz 2003: 18)

(2)  Malti *bieb bieb* lit. door door, i.e. “from door to door” (Stolz
2006a: 119)

(3)  It.  *un caffè caffè * “a real, good coffee” (Stolz 2003: 36; Ramat
2019: 151)

(4)  Emmi (Western Daly) *dukandji “*big“ ~ *dukduk* “very big” (Louagie
2023: 555)

         (5) Turkish   *dergi                          mergi**
okumuyor *

                  Newspapers           M:ECHO        read:NEG:PRES

“(s)he does not read newspapers and the like’ (Stolz 2018: 248).

------------------------------

[1] <#_ftnref1> Grandi (2017: 77) writes: «According to Medici (1959a: 84),
the aim of a reduplicated construction such as *caffè caffè *(‘coffee
coffee’ [= our ex. (3)], P.Rt.) is “affermare […] la pienezza delle qualità
inerenti [alla base]” (‘to state the fullness / completeness of the
qualities of the base word’). In other words, the primary function of
reduplication would be to identify the prototype of a concept, its default
value. If evaluative morphology (which includes intensification) encodes a
deviation from a standard or from a default meaning, if its peculiar
function is that of assigning a value which is different from that of the
‘standard / default’ to a concept, reduplication primarily expresses a full
identification of an item with its standard image. It identifies the best
exemplar of a
class».
                                                                       A
good overview of the multifarious functions of RED can be obtained when
looking into the subject index of van Lier 2023: 1087, s.v.
‘reduplication’. Generally speaking, we can say that RED is a widespread
strategy in the world’s languages to express many related functions (see
Fedriani 2017: 147).

Refernces:

Grandi, Nicola. 2017. Intensification processes in Italian. In Maria Napoli
& Miriam Ravetto (eds.), 55-75.

Louagie, Dana. 2023. Word Classes in Australian Languages. In Eva Van Lier
(ed.), 544-571

Ramat, Paolo, 2019.Tautologia e/o reduplicazione. *Rivista Italiana di
Linguistica e Dialettologia,*          147-156.

Stolz, Thomas. 2003. A new Mediterraneism. Word iteration in areal
perspective. *Mediterranean             Language Review *15, 1-47.

Stolz, Thomas. 2006a. (Wort-)Iteration: (k)eine universelle Konstruktion.
In Kerstin Fischer &

            Anatol Stefanowitsch (Hsgb.), *Konstruktionsgrammatik. Von der
Anwendung zur Theorie*:         105-132. Tübingen: Stauffenburg.

 Stolz, Thomas. 2018. (Non-)Canonical reduplication. In Anna Urdze
(ed.), *Non-Prototypical
       Reduplication* ("Studia Typologica"22), 201-277. De Gruyter Mouton:
Berlin 2018.

Van Lier, Eva (ed., 2023), *The Oxford Handbook of Word Classes. *Oxford:
Oxford University Press.

Best ,

P.Rt.

Addendum: see also *Éllēnas* *Éllēnas* “a true Greek man” (Kallergi,
Haritini. 2015. *Total Reduplication as a category of expressives:
(Counter)evidence from Modern Greek. *Benjamins

Paolo Ramat
Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Socio corrispondente
'Academia Europaea'
'Societas Linguistica Europaea', Honorary Member
Università di Pavia (retired)
Istituto Universitario di Studi Superiori (IUSS Pavia) (retired)

piazzetta Arduino 11 - I 27100 Pavia
##39 0382 27027
347 044 98 44

Il giorno ven 12 lug 2024 alle ore 02:40 Mark Donohue via Lingtyp <
lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org> ha scritto:

> Don't forget
>
> Jila Ghomeshi, Ray Jackendoff, Nicole Rosen and Kevin Russell. 2004. Natural
> Language & Linguistic Theory 22 (2): 307-357.
>
>
> On Fri, 12 Jul 2024 at 09:48, Pin Wang via Lingtyp <
> lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org> wrote:
>
>> Hi Randy,
>>
>> I’d like to add an example: When chairing your talk at our 2018 language
>> typology forum (University of Sydney), Prof Christian Matthiessen
>> introduced you as a ‘linguist linguist’ ;-)
>>
>> Pin
>>
>>
>> On 12 Jul 2024, at 2:26 am, Randy J. LaPolla via Lingtyp <
>> lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org> wrote:
>>
>> Hi again Mira,
>> A more exact natural example of what you are talking about was used by
>> Larry Horn teaching Pragmatics many years ago: At an LSA conference someone
>> got ill, so one person got up on stage and asked the attendees “Is there a
>> doctor in the house?” and half the audience raised their hands. The person
>> then said, “No, a *doctor* doctor!”
>>
>> Randy
>>
>> On 10 Jul 2024, at 8:55 PM, Mira Ariel <mariel at tauex.tau.ac.il> wrote:
>>
>> Dear Nigel,
>>
>> Yes, this is the trajectory Bardenstein and Ariel talk about. Better
>> think of “a cookie cookie”. That can have both prototypical and intensified
>> meanings.
>> Mira
>> Sent from my iPhone
>>
>> On 10 Jul 2024, at 15:40, Nigel Vincent via Lingtyp <
>> lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org> wrote:
>>
>> 
>> Interesting - I'd have interpreted that ad to mean not
>> 'central/prototype' but something more evaluative: 'the best you can get'
>> or words to that effect. The picture doesn't look like what I would
>> consider a prototype cookie (or biscuit, as I would say!).
>> Nigel
>>
>>
>> Professor Nigel Vincent, FBA MAE
>> Professor Emeritus of General & Romance Linguistics
>> The University of Manchester
>>
>> Linguistics & English Language
>> School of Arts, Languages and Cultures
>> The University of Manchester
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/researchers/nigel-vincent(f973a991-8ece-453e-abc5-3ca198c869dc).html
>> ------------------------------
>> *From:* Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces at listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf of
>> Randy LaPolla via Lingtyp <lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org>
>> *Sent:* 10 July 2024 2:23 PM
>> *To:* <LINGTYP at listserv.linguistlist.org> <
>> LINGTYP at listserv.linguistlist.org>
>> *Subject:* Re: [Lingtyp] Evaluative morphology expressing
>> "authenticity/prototypicality"
>>
>> Mira’s message reminded me of an English example where repetition
>> narrows the term to central/prototype inferences:
>>
>> <image.png>
>>
>> In case the image doesn’t come out, it is the tag line on Pepperidge
>> Farms’ Captiva cookie:
>> “If you’re going to have a cookie, have a *cookie*”
>>
>> Randy
>>
>> On Jul 10, 2024, at 15:42, Mira Ariel via Lingtyp <
>> lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org> wrote:
>>
>> 
>> Dear Francesca and others,
>>
>> I'm curious to know if these prototypicalization morphemes sometimes
>> evolve an intensifying function later.
>>
>> Bardenstein and I have a paper  in *Studies in* *Language  *46:2 (2022),
>> where we trace the evolution of a number of intensifiers. Lo and behold,
>> they evolve from expressions which narrow the application of the term to
>> its central/prototpycal instances. Later on this narrower may evolve an
>> intensifying function. We only discuss independent modifiers, but
>> reduplication, even morphological one, can indicate intensification:
>>
>> Hebrew:
>>
>> *Yafe yafe *
>> Beautiful beautiful
>> 'Central concept of beautiful (not 'more or less beautiful')'/'Very
>> beautiful'
>>
>> *Yefe.fe *(lexical reduplication)
>> 'Very beautiful'
>>
>> Best,
>> Mira (Ariel)
>> ------------------------------
>> *From:* Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces at listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf of
>> Riccardo Giomi via Lingtyp <lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org>
>> *Sent:* Tuesday, July 9, 2024 9:07 PM
>> *To:* lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org <
>> lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org>
>> *Subject:* Re: [Lingtyp] Evaluative morphology expressing
>> "authenticity/prototypicality"
>>
>> Dear Francesca (and all),
>>
>> Leti (Austronesian) has an "exactness" marker -- which again, actually
>> appears to be a clitic, but anyway:
>>
>>
>>    1. a. *N-tivl=**e**.* b. *N-tivla.*
>>
>> 3.SG-flap=*EXCT *3.SG-flap
>> ‘It flaps.’ ‘It sort of flaps.’
>> (2) a. *vuar=lalavn=**e* b. *vuar=lalavn*
>> big=mountain=*EXCT* big=mountain
>> ‘a big mountain’ ‘a sort of a big mountain’
>>
>> van Engelenhoven, Aone, 2004. *Leti, a Language of Southwest Maluku *(Verhandelingen
>> van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 211). KITLV
>> Press, Leiden.
>>
>> Best wishes,
>> Riccardo
>>
>> Riccardo Giomi
>> Assistant Professor of Functional Linguistics
>> University of Amsterdam
>> Faculty of Humanities: Department of Linguistics
>> Spuistraat 134, 1012 VB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
>> ------------------------------
>> *From:* Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces at listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf of
>> Christian Lehmann via Lingtyp <lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org>
>> *Sent:* 09 July 2024 19:44
>> *To:* lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org <
>> lingtyp at listserv.linguistlist.org>
>> *Subject:* Re: [Lingtyp] Evaluative morphology expressing
>> "authenticity/prototypicality"
>>
>> Dear Francesca,
>>
>> Cabecar (Chibchan) has a a formative *sí̱* with a twofold distribution:
>>
>> a) As a derivational suffix on nouns, it means 'authentic',
>> 'prototypical':
>>
>>    1.
>>
>>    a. chíchi-sí̱
>>
>> dog-auth
>>
>>             ‘authentic dog’
>>
>> b. ju-sí̱
>>
>> house-auth
>>
>>             ‘authentic/real/legitimate house (i.e. traditional Cabecar
>> house)’
>> b) As an enclitic on adjectives, it means 'comparatively':
>>
>>    1.
>>
>>    a. báá=sí̱
>>
>> nice=cmpr
>>
>>             ‘comparatively/truly nice’
>>
>> b. daláá=sí̱
>>
>> yellow=cmpr
>>
>>             ‘genuinely yellow’
>>
>> It fulfills this latter function in comparative constructions, too.
>>
>> Best, Christian
>> --
>>
>> Prof. em. Dr. Christian Lehmann
>> Rudolfstr. 4
>> 99092 Erfurt
>> Deutschland
>> Tel.: +49/361/2113417
>> E-Post: christianw_lehmann at arcor.de
>> Web: https://www.christianlehmann.eu [christianlehmann.eu]
>> <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.christianlehmann.eu/__;!!PDiH4ENfjr2_Jw!Dc5B3RGgs9CwKb_HPO365SAFRXwA7GEwDM7386bdhfSqmL0-MWBa7VFnxqlSZY_CISTmbETs_J9ra_VBnE5f1tdqEw3hk71U4cNPeQ$>
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